Emilio Lamo de Espinosa. Política y Filosofia en Julián Besteiro . Madrid: Editorial Cuadernos para el Dialago, 1973.

Germany. Middle class feminists suffered from the timidities inherent in German liberalism itself. The feminist platform advocated by socialists embraced the whole of economic, social and political life. It included women's vote, protective labor laws and an extensive maternity insurance for all women, municipal reforms to relieve women's domestic burdens such as communal eating and laundry services and day care centers, equal pay for equal work, educational reform to improve women's employment opportunities and reform of marriage law to promote equality between husbands and wives. Characteristic of socialist feminism, however, was its compatibility with the requirements of the class struggle as radical leaders, i.e., Zetkin, understood it. Reforms geared to ameliorating women's position which the leadership perceived as incompatible with the class struggle were rejected. The alliance of socialism and feminism restricted feminist options. The Dornemann biography omits a critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the feminist tactics in the Social Democratic and later Communist movements. Many questions remain unexplored: the degree to which socialist women harmonized loyalty to class and to sex; feminist calculations which conditioned the Women's Movement's organizational and mobilization tactics; the extent to which Marxist ideology dampened specifically feminist offenses, and the presence of male antifeminism in the organized working class. An English biography of Clara Zetkin currently being prepared by Karen Honeycutt at Columbia University promises to answer these and similar questions more fully.