Robust Control of Unified Power Quality Conditioner for LED Lighting Using Enhanced Bald Eagle Search Optimization

This article offers a Power Quality (PQ) strategy to reduce light intensity flickers, voltage enhancements, and harmonics mitigation of the grid current in extensive networks of LED lighting. The nonlinear properties of large-power LED bulbs present current harmonic contents. Installation of tens to hundreds of LED lamps in an extensive network of lights results in currents with significant harmonic content, which adversely damages the grid. Additionally, variations in light intensity are now a problem for many users, like safety and health. Heavy loads are the major causes of this phenomenon since they produce voltage swings, PQ degradation, and visible flickering in LED bulbs. A transformer-less unified power quality conditioner (TL-UPQC) with its controls is presented to address the majority of PQ issues in a network. The TL-UPQC comprises a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) as a series compensator, which quickly maintains the load voltage when there is a voltage decrease, surge, or flickering in the network. And an active power filter (APF) acts as a shunt compensator that reduces harmonic currents and injects reactive currents. The gain values of the PI controller are obtained using an extended bald eagle search (EBES) optimizer. In addition, a comparative study of three optimizers, namely, moth flame (MFO), cuckoo search (CSA), and salp swarm algorithm (SSA), is presented to test the performance of the PI controller and fast dynamic response. MATLAB simulation has been employed to confirm the proposed TL-UPQC's effectiveness.