摩洛哥贝尼梅拉老城麦地那建筑潜在倒塌脆弱性评估

Abdelatif Rajji, A. Wafik, A. Najine, Amroumoussa Benmoussa
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摘要

应用专门的自然灾害绘图对于管理和预防自然灾害事件是绝对必要的。本文描述了为了绘制塌方脆弱性和易感性地图而进行的所有程序,并利用多准则法(AHP)和GIS工具对贝尼梅拉尔老麦地那进行了计算和评估,该地图不时被塌方所识别。本研究的目的是开发一种新的方法来分析蛀牙的脆弱性,这是旧城城区的一个真正的风险。该方法应用于贝尼-梅拉尔老城,包括使用地理信息系统识别和量化与洞穴倒塌有关的利害关系。采用层次多准则法(AHP)对漏洞中暴露的各参数和因子的权重进行估计。结果以空间化综合脆弱性图的形式呈现。探测、测绘和评估易受这些空洞塌陷影响的地区,特别是对城市的大片地区,提供了通过干预上游并引入预防和纠正措施来减少损害的可能性,以防止我们研究中认为易受影响的地区出现任何塌陷风险。地图显示了三个不同程度的脆弱区域。低、中脆弱性区分别占旧城总面积的30%和20%,高、极高脆弱性区分别占旧城总面积的16%和4%。
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Assessment of the Vulnerability to Potential Collapse of Buildings in the Old Medina of Beni-Mellal-MOROCCO
The application of specialized natural hazard mapping is an absolute necessity for the management and prevention of natural hazard events. This paper treats the description of all the procedures carried out in order to produce a map of vulnerability and susceptibility to cave-ins, calculated and evaluated by the multicriteria method (AHP) and by using the GIS tool in the old Medina of Beni Mellal, which is recognized from time to time by cave-ins. The objective of this study is to develop a new method for analyzing the vulnerability of cavities to collapse, which presents a real risk in the urban area of the old cities. The methodology, applied to the old city of Beni-Mellal, consists in identifying and quantifying the stakes linked to the collapse of a cavity using a geographic information system. The weight of each parameter and factor exposed in the vulnerability was estimated using the hierarchical multicriteria method (AHP). The result is presented in the form of a spatialized and synthetic vulnerability map. The detection, mapping and assessment of areas vulnerable to the collapse of these cavities, particularly for large areas of the city, offers the possibility of reducing damage by intervening upstream and introducing preventive and corrective measures against any risk of collapse in the areas deemed vulnerable by our study. The maps show three zones with different degrees of vulnerability. The low and medium vulnerability zones occupy respectively 30 and 20% of the total area of the old city, while the high and very high vulnerability zones occupy respectively 16% and 4%.
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