Thyroglossal Duct Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Thyroglossal duct cancer is a relatively rare finding, presenting clinical features that resemble those of a benign cyst, a more common congenital abnormality that may manifest as a lump in the midline or neck area. Thyroglossal duct cysts are a commonly found aberration during the development of the thyroid gland. The prevalence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy is greater than that of branchial cleft abnormalities, and among the pediatric population, it is the second most common cause of neck masses, surpassed only by enlarged cervical lymph nodes. In specific instances, thyroglossal duct cysts have been seen to exhibit a low prevalence of cancer. The diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cancer is commonly made by histological examination of the tumor. In addition, needle aspiration cytology, ultrasonography, and computed tomography are employed as diagnostic tools to differentiate malignant patients from alternative potential diagnosis.