生态恐怖主义是否有所减少?

Krzysztof Izak
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摘要

本文的目的是简要地描述生态恐怖主义,这是基于一种特定的意识形态。如果不是因为其过度非人性化的言辞,特别是由此引发的实践,其推动者所宣称的一些内容可能值得支持。生态恐怖主义或环境恐怖主义现象与极端环保团体和激进个人使用暴力有关。生态恐怖主义分为亲环境恐怖主义和亲动物恐怖主义。环境恐怖主义也可以分为环保主义者的恐怖主义和动物权利活动家的恐怖主义。生态恐怖主义的最大发展发生在美国。动物解放阵线(ALF)是最危险的环保组织,而成员最多的组织是地球优先组织(EF!生态恐怖分子的暴力在我们大陆的许多国家发生,最明显的是在联合王国。生态中心主义的意识形态,在西方激发了许多团体的活动,已经渗透到波兰,但在我国,它对有组织的环保团体和个人的活动没有太大的影响。另一方面,在针对威胁环境的特定公司和机构的一系列事件中,记录了暴力事件。研究表明,全球生态恐怖主义事件的数量正在缓慢而稳定地下降。现在预测暴力活动的减少还为时过早,但确实有证据表明暴力活动在减少。有几种情况有助于减少激进的环境活动。最重要的是,社会和政府的环保意识有所提高。生态恐怖主义事件数量减少的一个重要原因是立法的收紧,以及环保组织的活动。
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Is there a decline in ecoterrorism?
The purpose of the article is to briefly characterize ecoterrorism, which is based on a specific ideology. Some of the content proclaimed by its promoters might merit support were it not for their overly dehumanizing rhetoric, and especially the practice motivated by it. The phenomenon of ecoterrorism, or environmental terrorism, is associated with the use of violence by extremist pro-environment groups and radicalized individuals. Ecoterrorism is divided into pro-environmental terrorism and pro-animalism. Environmental terrorism can also be divided into terrorism by environmentalists and terrorism by animal rights activists. The greatest development of ecoterrorism has occurred in the United States. Animal Liberation Front, ALF was the most dangerous pro-environmental organization, while the group with the most members was Earth First, EF! Violence by eco-terrorists has occurred in many countries on our continent, most notably in the United Kingdom. The ideology of ecocentrism, which motivates the activities of many groups in the West, has penetrated Poland, but in our country it has not had much influence on the activities of organized groups of environmentalists and individuals. On the other hand, incidents of violence were recorded in a series of events directed against specific companies and institutions that threatened the environment. The research shows that there is a slow but steady decline in the number of ecoterrorism incidents worldwide. It is too early to predict its decline, but there is certainly evidence of declining violent activity. Several circumstances contribute to the downscaling of aggressive environmental activities. Above all, there has been an increase in the environmental awareness of societies and governments. A large impact on the decrease in the number of ecoterrorist events is also due to the tightening of legislation, as well as the activities of environmental organizations.
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