“Zeitenwende”:“领土主义”的收缩——或者不是?

Europa XXI Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI:10.7163/eu21.2023.45.1
Andreas Faludi
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摘要

德国总理奥拉夫·肖尔茨(Olaf Scholz)在与乌克兰的关系中宣布的“Zeitenwende”暗示了“领土主义”的收缩。我将重点讨论波兰。毕竟,西乌克兰在1939年成为乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国的一部分之前一直是东波兰。与克里米亚一起扩大的苏维埃社会主义共和国在1991年宣布从苏联独立,当时波兰正打算加入欧盟和北约。现在,波兰是向乌克兰提供军事或其他援助的渠道。在适当的时候,她可能需要重新考虑她作为一个统一的民族国家的愿望,现在已经实现了。1919年的另一个选择是类似于旧的波兰立陶宛联邦。这种模式可能会再次变得有意义。如果是这样的话,那么这就像我的另一种选择——新中世纪主义——而不是一种领土主义,在这种领土主义下,民族国家是国际秩序的唯一组成部分。新中世纪主义代表着政治行动,包括国防,不再是领土民族国家的专属领域。如果是这样,那么将国家视为代表其领土的国家的所有者需要适应。
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"Zeitenwende" : the retrenchment - or not - of "territorialism"?
‘Zeitenwende’ as announced by German Chancellor Olaf Scholz in relation to Ukraine suggests the retrenchment of ‘territorialism’. I discuss this with a focus on Poland. Western Ukraine has after all been Eastern Poland until becoming part of the Ukrainian SSR in 1939. Enlarged with Crimea, the same SSR declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 at a time when Poland was aiming to join the EU and NATO. Now, Poland is a conduit of assistance, military or otherwise to Ukraine. In due course she may need to reconsider her aspiration, as good as fulfilled now, for being a consolidated nation-state. The alternative in 1919 was something like the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of old. That model may become relevant once more. If so, then this would be like my alternative – neo-medievalism – to a territorialism under which nation-states are the exclusive building blocks of the international order. Neo-medievalism stands for political action, including defence, no longer being the exclusive province of the territorial nation-state. If so, then thinking about the state as if it were the owner on behalf of the nation of its territory needs to adapt.
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