J. Zaucha, K. Böhme, D. Pyć, Lilia Neumann, Aziewicz Dominik
The European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, that celebrates this year in Gdańsk its tenth anniversary, has been considered by many scholars and the decision makers as the model example of the soft governance that has gained in importance in the enlarged European Union (EU). The paper analyses the achievements and shortcomings of the Strategy from economic perspective with focus on externalities, public goods (also club goods, common-pool resources), economies of scale and scope and transaction costs. Two cases: Single Market for services and innovation spillovers are discussed more in depth. The analysis of these challenges and opportunities as well as the performance of the Strategy in the past and comparative analysis of its various evaluations allow authors to formulate several assumptions that should save the Strategy for the future. Their essence is related to mainstreaming of the Strategy into the EU and national policies (ensuring its stronger policy impact), strengthening strategic, visionary approach of the Strategy (e.g. facilitating large Baltic projects), better alignment with the business sector activities (understanding and addressing this sector expectations towards macro-regional co-operation) and acknowledgement of macro-regional solidarity as a foundation of the common efforts. Without all these, the Strategy might follow the case of the Baltic Development Forum that ceased to exist despite its evident positive effects for the entire region. Soft governance is difficult but promising as an alternative to the overgrowing sentiments towards centralisation. Thus, to avoid the impression of the “Titanic ball” Gdańsk celebrations should provide a new start instead of the business as usual and manifestation of shallow self-satisfaction.
{"title":"EU macro-regional strategies for the Baltic Sea Region after 2020. A nutshell of beauty and possibilities","authors":"J. Zaucha, K. Böhme, D. Pyć, Lilia Neumann, Aziewicz Dominik","doi":"10.7163/EU21.2020.38.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/EU21.2020.38.1","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, that celebrates this year in Gdańsk its tenth anniversary, has been considered by many scholars and the decision makers as the model example of the soft governance that has gained in importance in the enlarged European Union (EU). The paper analyses the achievements and shortcomings of the Strategy from economic perspective with focus on externalities, public goods (also club goods, common-pool resources), economies of scale and scope and transaction costs. Two cases: Single Market for services and innovation spillovers are discussed more in depth. The analysis of these challenges and opportunities as well as the performance of the Strategy in the past and comparative analysis of its various evaluations allow authors to formulate several assumptions that should save the Strategy for the future. Their essence is related to mainstreaming of the Strategy into the EU and national policies (ensuring its stronger policy impact), strengthening strategic, visionary approach of the Strategy (e.g. facilitating large Baltic projects), better alignment with the business sector activities (understanding and addressing this sector expectations towards macro-regional co-operation) and acknowledgement of macro-regional solidarity as a foundation of the common efforts. Without all these, the Strategy might follow the case of the Baltic Development Forum that ceased to exist despite its evident positive effects for the entire region. Soft governance is difficult but promising as an alternative to the overgrowing sentiments towards centralisation. Thus, to avoid the impression of the “Titanic ball” Gdańsk celebrations should provide a new start instead of the business as usual and manifestation of shallow self-satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127773080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infrastructure matters for regional development as well as for the individual wellbeing of people. This not only became painstakingly obvious since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020. Thus, the phases of ‘lock-down’ during the pandemic became an eye opener for the condition of infrastructural fundaments of our cities and regions. Debates about systemic infrastructure for maintaining the functioning of our societies and economies – in scientific terms ‘Services of General Interest’ or the ‘Foundational Economy’ – received wide societal and political attention since the outbreak of the pandemic. Yet, already before the outbreak of this most severe global health crisis, discourses in applied social sciences have experienced an ‘infrastructural turn’, putting technical, social and green infrastructures into the centre of attention of social research, theory building and dissemination. This has led to different understandings of ‘infrastructure’ coexisting in academic and professional debates today. This introductory paper to the issue on ‘The Geography and Governance of Infrastructure Provision’ aims at giving an overview of current debates about infrastructure provision in Regional Science and Planning while introducing the six papers included in this theme issue of Europa XXI.
{"title":"Editorial: The geography and governance of infrastructure provision","authors":"Martina Schorn, Alois Humer","doi":"10.7163/eu21.2021.41.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2021.41.6","url":null,"abstract":"Infrastructure matters for regional development as well as for the individual wellbeing of people. This not only became painstakingly obvious since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020. Thus, the phases of ‘lock-down’ during the pandemic became an eye opener for the condition of infrastructural fundaments of our cities and regions. Debates about systemic infrastructure for maintaining the functioning of our societies and economies – in scientific terms ‘Services of General Interest’ or the ‘Foundational Economy’ – received wide societal and political attention since the outbreak of the pandemic. Yet, already before the outbreak of this most severe global health crisis, discourses in applied social sciences have experienced an ‘infrastructural turn’, putting technical, social and green infrastructures into the centre of attention of social research, theory building and dissemination. This has led to different understandings of ‘infrastructure’ coexisting in academic and professional debates today. This introductory paper to the issue on ‘The Geography and Governance of Infrastructure Provision’ aims at giving an overview of current debates about infrastructure provision in Regional Science and Planning while introducing the six papers included in this theme issue of Europa XXI.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114932819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Bujdosó, Anikó Bordás, Balázs Hegyi, Zsuzsa Piskóti-Kovács, Csaba Vaszkó, R. Nagy, G. Kovács
This article deals with the analysis of Hungary’s still-existing coal region (Northern Hungary), including the future of coal mining and energy production. Within the interpretive tradition of social research, we approached the problem and explored the role and significance of the Mátra Power Plant in the country and the coal region. The results show that there has been widespread involvement in the field of coal removal, Just Transition and that it is important for decision-makers and energy policy stakeholders in the country and the region to have a say. It also helps to shape discourses and bring out alternative views.
{"title":"The involvement of stakeholders in the decarbonization process in the coal region of Northern Hungary","authors":"Z. Bujdosó, Anikó Bordás, Balázs Hegyi, Zsuzsa Piskóti-Kovács, Csaba Vaszkó, R. Nagy, G. Kovács","doi":"10.7163/eu21.2022.42.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2022.42.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the analysis of Hungary’s still-existing coal region (Northern Hungary), including the future of coal mining and energy production. Within the interpretive tradition of social research, we approached the problem and explored the role and significance of the Mátra Power Plant in the country and the coal region. The results show that there has been widespread involvement in the field of coal removal, Just Transition and that it is important for decision-makers and energy policy stakeholders in the country and the region to have a say. It also helps to shape discourses and bring out alternative views.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117328186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the work detailed here has been to identify the most important premises upon which cross-border cooperation can be established, the conditions for its further continuation or lack of continuation; and the key barriers to and benefits from the cooperation in question. Also examined was the intensity of cooperation in the periods before, during and after the implementation of individual cross-border cooperation projects – the aim being to assess the extent to which joint projects generate mutual relations of greater intensity. Analysis drew on a questionnaire survey run among all organisations involved in the implementation of Poland’s EU-funded cross-border cooperation projects in the 2007–2020 period.
{"title":"Premises and barriers associated with cross-border cooperation - evidence from border regions of Poland","authors":"Andrzej Raczyk, S. Dołzbłasz","doi":"10.7163/eu21.2022.43.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2022.43.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work detailed here has been to identify the most important premises upon which cross-border cooperation can be established, the conditions for its further continuation or lack of continuation; and the key barriers to and benefits from the cooperation in question. Also examined was the intensity of cooperation in the periods before, during and after the implementation of individual cross-border cooperation projects – the aim being to assess the extent to which joint projects generate mutual relations of greater intensity. Analysis drew on a questionnaire survey run among all organisations involved in the implementation of Poland’s EU-funded cross-border cooperation projects in the 2007–2020 period.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121952397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The digitization of our society continues to progress, which comes with implications for cities and regions. This paper reviews the existing literature on digitization and spatial development. It then identifies the potentially concerned sectors of spatial development through re-interpreting the basic ‘functions of existence’ in the light of digitization. Expert interviews in three selected Austrian small-town regions inform the outcome of the paper: an extensive list of opportunities and risks through digitization in the fields of mobility, economy, tourism, environment, social infrastructure, local governance and planning.
{"title":"Digitization in Austrian small-town regions: opportunities and risks for spatial planning and development","authors":"Ulrike Stroissnig","doi":"10.7163/271670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/271670","url":null,"abstract":"The digitization of our society continues to progress, which comes with implications for cities and regions. This paper reviews the existing literature on digitization and spatial development. It then identifies the potentially concerned sectors of spatial development through re-interpreting the basic ‘functions of existence’ in the light of digitization. Expert interviews in three selected Austrian small-town regions inform the outcome of the paper: an extensive list of opportunities and risks through digitization in the fields of mobility, economy, tourism, environment, social infrastructure, local governance and planning.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125902353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Wójcik, Barbara Szejgiec-Kolenda, Konrad Ł. Czapiewski, T. Komornicki, Miguel A. Almazán-Gómez
The study assess the position of the Śląskie Voivodeship in the European space of flows. The main objectives are: (1) to examine the regional position in the interregional space of flows, and (2) to assess this position in terms of the decarbonisation processes planned under the European Green Deal policy. In order to do this, the strengths and weaknesses of the region were identified, the flows potentially vulnerable to the restructuring process of the region’s coal-based economy were recognised, and the extent and scale of the impact of decarbonisation on the region’s economic situation was determined. An analysis of indicators such as intensity and concentration of flows places the region on the flow periphery, as the most significant flows are concentrated in Western and Northern Europe. One exception to this pattern is the transport of goods when measured in tonnes, which makes the region an important hub on a European scale. However, the most intensive flows link it with other Polish regions. Moreover the specificity of the Śląskie Voivodeship means that any effects of the European Green Deal will be particularly strongly felt, as it is among the regions experiencing the greatest negative impact of this policy on the economy and labour market.
{"title":"The place of Śląskie Voivodeship (Poland) in the greening space of flows","authors":"Julia Wójcik, Barbara Szejgiec-Kolenda, Konrad Ł. Czapiewski, T. Komornicki, Miguel A. Almazán-Gómez","doi":"10.7163/eu21.2022.42.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2022.42.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study assess the position of the Śląskie Voivodeship in the European space of flows. The main objectives are: (1) to examine the regional position in the interregional space of flows, and (2) to assess this position in terms of the decarbonisation processes planned under the European Green Deal policy. In order to do this, the strengths and weaknesses of the region were identified, the flows potentially vulnerable to the restructuring process of the region’s coal-based economy were recognised, and the extent and scale of the impact of decarbonisation on the region’s economic situation was determined. An analysis of indicators such as intensity and concentration of flows places the region on the flow periphery, as the most significant flows are concentrated in Western and Northern Europe. One exception to this pattern is the transport of goods when measured in tonnes, which makes the region an important hub on a European scale. However, the most intensive flows link it with other Polish regions. Moreover the specificity of the Śląskie Voivodeship means that any effects of the European Green Deal will be particularly strongly felt, as it is among the regions experiencing the greatest negative impact of this policy on the economy and labour market.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a context of highly heterogeneous development prospects for rural areas in the German Federal Republic, maintaining public services and infrastructure in peripheral locations is facing major challenges. Since the 1990s, a number of nationwide and publicly-funded pilot schemes have experimented with innovative approaches for the long-term transformation of the way public services and infrastructure are provided in the countryside. Nevertheless, the continuity of these approaches often turns out to be problematic. This paper analyses a series of pilot schemes as instruments for territorial development and presents new findings at multiple levels for enhancing their performance.
{"title":"Experimenting for long-term transformation. Key insidhts into 20 years of German pilot scheme for innovative rural public service and infrastructure provision","authors":"Alistair Adam Hernández, C. Schneider","doi":"10.7163/eu21.2021.41.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2021.41.5","url":null,"abstract":"In a context of highly heterogeneous development prospects for rural areas in the German Federal Republic, maintaining public services and infrastructure in peripheral locations is facing major challenges. Since the 1990s, a number of nationwide and publicly-funded pilot schemes have experimented with innovative approaches for the long-term transformation of the way public services and infrastructure are provided in the countryside. Nevertheless, the continuity of these approaches often turns out to be problematic. This paper analyses a series of pilot schemes as instruments for territorial development and presents new findings at multiple levels for enhancing their performance.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123383983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Jerzak, Maxim D. Shrayer, K. Krośnicka, P. Lorens, Jacek Zaucha, Joanna Pardus
Sea space has been undergoing a profound transformation. Although it retains its inspirational function in arts, literature and philosophy, it has been gaining new anthropogenic dimensions in economics and urban planning as a source of satisfying human needs i.e. the provision of harmony, beauty, off-shore energy, and biotech substances. Therefore, in this paper marine space is analyzed from a multidimensional perspective of urban planning, economics, and literature. Maritime space has been a subject of literature from its inception. Without attempting to give an overview of the vast topic, the paper discusses the pronounced presence of sea space in the earliest Western literary sources, such as the Bible and Anglo-Saxon poetry. As a striking case study, Herman Melville’s 1851 novel Moby-Dick is analyzed with its complex, dynamic notion of maritime space. Aditionally, the importance of the shore as locus amoenus in a short story by the contemporary writer Maxim D. Shrayer is examined. This notion of locus amoenus is also present in the research related to urban planning. Maritime space attracts people to locate nearby. Development is created as a response to these demands. Both urban planning and economics underline, however, a need of sustainable development of this space. This is crucial in order to secure its positive influence on human well-being in the long run. The three disciplines also point out that maritime space remains in the process of continuous creation and re-development in course of adding new functional and axiological ties between humans and the seas and oceans. Thus, nowadays maritime space covers both sea and terrestrial gateways servicing the sea and the key constituting factor is provided by human beings (homo maritimus) through their economic, social or emotional bond to the sea.
{"title":"The essence of marine and coastal space – an interdisciplinary perspective","authors":"Katarzyna Jerzak, Maxim D. Shrayer, K. Krośnicka, P. Lorens, Jacek Zaucha, Joanna Pardus","doi":"10.7163/eu21.2019.36.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2019.36.2","url":null,"abstract":"Sea space has been undergoing a profound transformation. Although it retains its inspirational function in arts, literature and philosophy, it has been gaining new anthropogenic dimensions in economics and urban planning as a source of satisfying human needs i.e. the provision of harmony, beauty, off-shore energy, and biotech substances. Therefore, in this paper marine space is analyzed from a multidimensional perspective of urban planning, economics, and literature. Maritime space has been a subject of literature from its inception. Without attempting to give an overview of the vast topic, the paper discusses the pronounced presence of sea space in the earliest Western literary sources, such as the Bible and Anglo-Saxon poetry. As a striking case study, Herman Melville’s 1851 novel Moby-Dick is analyzed with its complex, dynamic notion of maritime space. Aditionally, the importance of the shore as locus amoenus in a short story by the contemporary writer Maxim D. Shrayer is examined. This notion of locus amoenus is also present in the research related to urban planning. Maritime space attracts people to locate nearby. Development is created as a response to these demands. Both urban planning and economics underline, however, a need of sustainable development of this space. This is crucial in order to secure its positive influence on human well-being in the long run. The three disciplines also point out that maritime space remains in the process of continuous creation and re-development in course of adding new functional and axiological ties between humans and the seas and oceans. Thus, nowadays maritime space covers both sea and terrestrial gateways servicing the sea and the key constituting factor is provided by human beings (homo maritimus) through their economic, social or emotional bond to the sea.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132572230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cross-border integration is assumed to promote European cohesion. Yet the relationships between different forms of integration and the social and political outcomes they supposedly promote vary. In this paper, we investigate forms of cross-border integration in the Upper Rhine, comparing patterns of functional integration (socioeconomic indicators) with patterns of organizational integration (network ties between economic development organizations). Using network analysis techniques and qualitative interview data, we find that both forms of integration are driven by the presence of economic differentials between countries, but that spatial patterns of functional integration differ from those of organizational integration. We propose a typology of potential relationships between regions that explains these differing patterns of integration, and highlights how economic development actors respond to the effects of economic differentials on their regional economies. In addition, we highlight complex relationships between organizational and functional integration, institutional integration, and structural contexts.
{"title":"Cross-border integration patterns in the context of domestic economic development : a case study of the Upper Rhine","authors":"Clara Turner, T. Chilla, Stefan Hippe","doi":"10.7163/eu21.2022.43.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7163/eu21.2022.43.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-border integration is assumed to promote European cohesion. Yet the relationships between different forms of integration and the social and political outcomes they supposedly promote vary. In this paper, we investigate forms of cross-border integration in the Upper Rhine, comparing patterns of functional integration (socioeconomic indicators) with patterns of organizational integration (network ties between economic development organizations). Using network analysis techniques and qualitative interview data, we find that both forms of integration are driven by the presence of economic differentials between countries, but that spatial patterns of functional integration differ from those of organizational integration. We propose a typology of potential relationships between regions that explains these differing patterns of integration, and highlights how economic development actors respond to the effects of economic differentials on their regional economies. In addition, we highlight complex relationships between organizational and functional integration, institutional integration, and structural contexts.","PeriodicalId":120225,"journal":{"name":"Europa XXI","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131847554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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