M. Hasan, B. A. Saleem, S. Khan, M. Khalid, Faisal Hayat, Raza Salik
{"title":"评价杀虫剂和杀菌剂对生物因素引起的金橘果皮斑的防治效果","authors":"M. Hasan, B. A. Saleem, S. Khan, M. Khalid, Faisal Hayat, Raza Salik","doi":"10.46653/jhst2143102","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Kinnow mandarin being produced in Pakistan faces different quality issues ending up in poor rind quality bearing blemishes on the peel. The main reason behind quality issues is inadequate production management including unoptimized production technology with an inappropriate spray schedule of insecticides and fungicides. Major blemishes found on the surface of fruit are biotic in nature (diseases and insects) and generally appear during the early 8-12 weeks of fruit setting. The objective of this study was to optimize insecticides and fungicides to manage rind blemishes in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruits caused by biotic factors. The present study was conducted during 2017-2018; there were four kinds of pesticides such as Actara (Thiamethoxam) or Confidor (Imidacloprid) and Nativo (Tebuconazole and Trifloxystrobin) or Topsin M (Thiophanate-methyl) sprayed to the trees at onset of fruit setting. The extent and nature of blemishes related to diseases and insects were significantly reduced after the spray of 0.3 g L-1 Nativo, 1.5 ml L-1 Confidor as compared to the application of Actara (0.24 g L-1 water) and Topsin M (2 g L-1 water), while the higher extent of blemishes was recorded in control block. Surface smoothness and peel colour of fruits showed significant improvement in sprayed trees compared to control. Likewise, preharvest sprays reduced the post-bloom and commercial fruit drop, resulting in a high yield per tree. However, the preharvest sprays showed a non-significant effect on organoleptic quality and biochemical attributes of ‘Kinnow’ fruit. Conclusively, the combination of Confidor (1.5 ml L-1 water) and Nativo (0.3 g L-1 water) sprays at fruit setting stage could be helpful in managing biotic blemishes in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruits resulted in an increased proportion of A-grade quality fruits in final pack out.","PeriodicalId":399348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluating the response of insecticides and fungicides for rind blemishes management in Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) fruits caused by biotic factors\",\"authors\":\"M. Hasan, B. A. Saleem, S. Khan, M. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
在巴基斯坦生产的金诺柑橘面临着不同的质量问题,最终导致果皮质量差,果皮上有瑕疵。质量问题背后的主要原因是生产管理不足,包括未优化的生产技术和不适当的杀虫剂和杀菌剂喷洒时间表。在果实表面发现的主要缺陷本质上是生物性的(疾病和昆虫),通常在果实落地的前8-12周出现。本研究的目的是优化杀虫剂和杀菌剂,以治理由生物因素引起的“金诺”柑橘果皮瑕疵。本研究是在2017-2018年进行的;在果树坐果开始时喷施Actara(噻虫嗪)、confor(吡虫啉)、Nativo(戊唑唑和三氯虫酯)和Topsin M(硫代氨基甲酯)4种农药。与Actara (0.24 g L-1水)和Topsin M (2 g L-1水)相比,0.3 g L-1 natvero、1.5 ml L-1红血菌喷施后病虫斑的程度和性质明显降低,而对照区患病虫斑的程度更高。喷施后果实表面光滑度和果皮色泽均有显著改善。同样,收获前喷洒减少了开花后和商业落果,从而提高了每棵树的产量。采前喷施对“Kinnow”果实的感官品质和生化特性影响不显著。综上所述,在坐果期联合使用红唇(1.5 ml L-1水)和原生(0.3 g L-1水)喷雾剂可以帮助控制“Kinnow”柑橘的生物缺陷,从而增加最终包装的a级优质水果比例。
Evaluating the response of insecticides and fungicides for rind blemishes management in Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) fruits caused by biotic factors
Kinnow mandarin being produced in Pakistan faces different quality issues ending up in poor rind quality bearing blemishes on the peel. The main reason behind quality issues is inadequate production management including unoptimized production technology with an inappropriate spray schedule of insecticides and fungicides. Major blemishes found on the surface of fruit are biotic in nature (diseases and insects) and generally appear during the early 8-12 weeks of fruit setting. The objective of this study was to optimize insecticides and fungicides to manage rind blemishes in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruits caused by biotic factors. The present study was conducted during 2017-2018; there were four kinds of pesticides such as Actara (Thiamethoxam) or Confidor (Imidacloprid) and Nativo (Tebuconazole and Trifloxystrobin) or Topsin M (Thiophanate-methyl) sprayed to the trees at onset of fruit setting. The extent and nature of blemishes related to diseases and insects were significantly reduced after the spray of 0.3 g L-1 Nativo, 1.5 ml L-1 Confidor as compared to the application of Actara (0.24 g L-1 water) and Topsin M (2 g L-1 water), while the higher extent of blemishes was recorded in control block. Surface smoothness and peel colour of fruits showed significant improvement in sprayed trees compared to control. Likewise, preharvest sprays reduced the post-bloom and commercial fruit drop, resulting in a high yield per tree. However, the preharvest sprays showed a non-significant effect on organoleptic quality and biochemical attributes of ‘Kinnow’ fruit. Conclusively, the combination of Confidor (1.5 ml L-1 water) and Nativo (0.3 g L-1 water) sprays at fruit setting stage could be helpful in managing biotic blemishes in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruits resulted in an increased proportion of A-grade quality fruits in final pack out.