影响固体废物管理领域公共行政实施的因素

N. Kryzyna, L. Radchenko
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摘要

乌克兰作为一个现代法治国家,选择了其优先发展领域之一,即通过使乌克兰现代立法与欧洲标准相协调,调整包括固体废物(MSW)在内的法规,重点关注欧洲联盟(EU)。许多欧洲国家在解决这一问题方面的经验表明了人民的环境意识和积极性(Rezoljucija)。与欧洲国家相比,乌克兰处理和利用固体废物的水平很低,掩埋固体废物的比率却很高。相当数量的堆填区负荷过重;不符合环境卫生标准。在固体废物管理领域存在着一种危险的情况,这种情况每年都在加剧,对环境、生命和人口健康造成越来越大的危险。解决这一问题需要采取有效行动,落实国家政策和对该行业的治理。积累量逐年增加,而这类废物的很大一部分被处置在垃圾填埋场和操作不当的垃圾填埋场,这对环境和人类健康产生了不利影响。今天,乌克兰的固体废物管理系统是无效的,资源密集,不能防止固体废物对环境、对人民的生活和健康产生负面影响。这与法律规定的这一领域的国家政策目标和方向相矛盾。因此,乌克兰领土上到处都是固体废物,这可能导致区域和国家一级的垃圾崩溃。因此,在国家层面上解决这一问题,应该通过立法规制、调整和实施欧洲国家的法规和立法,引入有效的公共管理来进行。
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Factors of influence on the implementation of public administration in the field of solid waste management
: Ukraine, as a modern state governed by the rule of law, has chosen one of its priority areas of development - focus on the European Union (EU) by harmonizing modern Ukrainian legislation with European standards, adapting regulations, including solid waste (MSW). The experience of many European countries in solving this problem indicates the level of environmental awareness and motivation of the population (Rezoljucija In contrast to European countries, Ukraine has a very low level of processing and utilization of solid waste and а high indicator of their burial in landfills. A significant number of landfills are overloaded; do not meet environmental and sanitary standards. In the field of solid waste management there is a dangerous situation, which is exacerbated every year, resulting in increasing danger to the environment, life and health of the population. Solving this problem requires effective action to implement state policy and governance in this industry. Accumulation generation is increasing from year to year, while a significant share of this waste is disposed of in landfills and landfills that are improperly operated, which has a negative influence on the environment and human health. Today, the system of solid waste management is ineffective in Ukraine, resource-intensive, does not prevent the negative impact of solid waste on the environment on the life and health of the population. This contradicts the legally defined goals and directions of state policy in this area. As a result, the territory of Ukraine is littered with solid waste, which can lead to a garbage collapse at both the regional and national levels. Therefore, the solution of this problem at the state level should be carried out through the introduction of effective public administration through legislative regulation, adaptation and implementation of regulations and legislation of European countries.
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