This article deals with the most pressing issues in the modern political-legal and security information agenda. The active hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have placed the world, and in particular the European Union, under the threat of a new artificial nuclear catastrophe, which could be provoked by the provocative actions of the Russian army at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. Considering the relevance of the issue, the object of study is the political and legal system of Ukraine in the context of nuclear safety, which has undergone significant changes under the influence of European integration. For comprehensive coverage of the issue, the study examines the evolution of nuclear safety both in Ukraine and the European Union. Particular attention is paid to both the development of legislation and the formation of regulatory authorities. An important component of this study is a detailed analysis of the legal framework of both Ukraine and the European Union. Due to this, it was possible to clearly determine the scale of influence of the specific legislative acts. The study confirmed the impact of European integration on the main laws of Ukraine related to nuclear safety and the need to bring Ukrainian nuclear safety regulatory documents into line with the legislation of the European Union. This article deals with the EU supranational regulators such as WENRA and ENSREG have a significant impact on the regulatory and legal framework for nuclear safety. Ukraine made many commitments to improve control and develop its own regulatory body – the State Regulatory Inspectorate, which received significant autonomy under the influence of European initiatives. It should be stated that the influence of European integration as a political process is so profound that it leads to conceptual changes in the legislative and even institutional framework. The conclusions provide a few suggestions for improving the response system to factors such as hostilities, including at the legal level.
{"title":"Impact of eurointegration on the transformation of the political-legal system of Ukraine in the field of nuclear safety","authors":"Yuliia Kaliuzhna","doi":"10.15804/rop2023302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023302","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the most pressing issues in the modern political-legal and security information agenda. The active hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have placed the world, and in particular the European Union, under the threat of a new artificial nuclear catastrophe, which could be provoked by the provocative actions of the Russian army at the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. Considering the relevance of the issue, the object of study is the political and legal system of Ukraine in the context of nuclear safety, which has undergone significant changes under the influence of European integration. For comprehensive coverage of the issue, the study examines the evolution of nuclear safety both in Ukraine and the European Union. Particular attention is paid to both the development of legislation and the formation of regulatory authorities. An important component of this study is a detailed analysis of the legal framework of both Ukraine and the European Union. Due to this, it was possible to clearly determine the scale of influence of the specific legislative acts. The study confirmed the impact of European integration on the main laws of Ukraine related to nuclear safety and the need to bring Ukrainian nuclear safety regulatory documents into line with the legislation of the European Union. This article deals with the EU supranational regulators such as WENRA and ENSREG have a significant impact on the regulatory and legal framework for nuclear safety. Ukraine made many commitments to improve control and develop its own regulatory body – the State Regulatory Inspectorate, which received significant autonomy under the influence of European initiatives. It should be stated that the influence of European integration as a political process is so profound that it leads to conceptual changes in the legislative and even institutional framework. The conclusions provide a few suggestions for improving the response system to factors such as hostilities, including at the legal level.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rafiq Navruzov, Cultural paradigms, Adam Marszałek Publishing, Toruń 2023, pp. 256","authors":"Szymon Ostrowski","doi":"10.15804/rop2023309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The militarisation of the South China Sea has specific implications for the regional security situation. The construction of artificial islands and platforms by the states of the region leads, on the one hand, to the assertion of their possessions and the enhancement of their security and, on the other hand, contributes to rising tensions in the region. The construction of such facilities by Vietnam goes unchallenged, there is no criticism and even some support – not so with China. Most countries see Vietnam as the country most able to stand up to its large neighbour. Vietnam otherwise operates more slowly and on a smaller scale, so it is commonly seen as defensive as it builds on islands that have belonged to Hanoi for decades and are close to the mainland coast.
{"title":"The artificial islands of Vietnam in the South China Sea","authors":"K. Kościelniak","doi":"10.15804/rop2023303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023303","url":null,"abstract":"The militarisation of the South China Sea has specific implications for the regional security situation. The construction of artificial islands and platforms by the states of the region leads, on the one hand, to the assertion of their possessions and the enhancement of their security and, on the other hand, contributes to rising tensions in the region. The construction of such facilities by Vietnam goes unchallenged, there is no criticism and even some support – not so with China. Most countries see Vietnam as the country most able to stand up to its large neighbour. Vietnam otherwise operates more slowly and on a smaller scale, so it is commonly seen as defensive as it builds on islands that have belonged to Hanoi for decades and are close to the mainland coast.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aim to explore that Russian propaganda has a long historical tradition and a rich instrumentarium. The development of the internet and social media has increased the possibilities for distributing propaganda messages. The principal objective of Russian propaganda is to influence the public opinion in cooperation with persons acting as translators, and to distribute contents – in various national languages – in conformity with the Russian policy and ideology. A tangible objective is to change the opinion about the Russian Federation and its policy so that one negative opinion is matched with at least three positive ones.
{"title":"Strategies, pillars, operations of influence – the specifics of Russian propaganda and disinformation","authors":"Marcin Orzechowski","doi":"10.15804/rop2023307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023307","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aim to explore that Russian propaganda has a long historical tradition and a rich instrumentarium. The development of the internet and social media has increased the possibilities for distributing propaganda messages. The principal objective of Russian propaganda is to influence the public opinion in cooperation with persons acting as translators, and to distribute contents – in various national languages – in conformity with the Russian policy and ideology. A tangible objective is to change the opinion about the Russian Federation and its policy so that one negative opinion is matched with at least three positive ones.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report from the academic conference “Kształcenie akademickie wobec wyzwań współczesności” [Academic education vis-a-vis contemporary challenges], Szczecin, 25 September 2023","authors":"Renata Podgórzańska","doi":"10.15804/rop2023311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental and public health concern globally, with detrimental effects on ecosystems, human health, and socio-economic development. One way to a safer global environment is encouraging rural communities to manage solid waste and reduce plastic pollution. This study aims to explore the environmental governance and political economy of plastic pollution management in rural communities of Ogun State, Nigeria. By examining the interactions between governance structures, political actors, and socio-economic factors, the study seeks to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with plastic waste management in rural areas. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, to obtain comprehensive and detailed findings. The results of the study indicate divergent interests among stakeholders regarding the management of plastic pollution and environmental concerns in rural communities of the Ijebu region in Ogun State, Nigeria. The research emphasizes the importance of supporting community-led environmental initiatives that adhere to established environmental guidelines for effective solid waste management, with particular emphasis on plastic waste, in rural areas of Nigeria.
{"title":"Unveiling environmental governance and political economy dynamics in rural plastic pollution management: a case study of Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Oludele, Awobona Samuel, Osifo Omosat","doi":"10.15804/rop2023305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023305","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental and public health concern globally, with detrimental effects on ecosystems, human health, and socio-economic development. One way to a safer global environment is encouraging rural communities to manage solid waste and reduce plastic pollution. This study aims to explore the environmental governance and political economy of plastic pollution management in rural communities of Ogun State, Nigeria. By examining the interactions between governance structures, political actors, and socio-economic factors, the study seeks to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with plastic waste management in rural areas. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, to obtain comprehensive and detailed findings. The results of the study indicate divergent interests among stakeholders regarding the management of plastic pollution and environmental concerns in rural communities of the Ijebu region in Ogun State, Nigeria. The research emphasizes the importance of supporting community-led environmental initiatives that adhere to established environmental guidelines for effective solid waste management, with particular emphasis on plastic waste, in rural areas of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aviation as a new weapon emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. The event that influenced its development was the course of the First World War. It was not the decisive factor in determining the fate of the war, however, its dynamic development in the final stage of the war could indicate its great importance in the future. The development of military aviation was the domain of the military authorities. The popularisation campaign and the development of appropriate flight training programs were entrusted to the civilian authorities. The establishment of appropriate organisations was needed to effectively engage the public in cooperation. Sport aviation and gliding excelled in preparing young people for service in airborne combat units and transport aviation. Their development in Europe in the inter-war period proceeded in two ways. The first was the creation of organisations by administrative orders, which took place in Germany, Russia and Italy. The second was the skilful use of social initiatives linked to aviation interests, appropriately coordinated by the state and supported by subsidies, as was the case in England and France. The purpose of the establishment of these organisations and activities was to popularise and train aviation in the widest circles of society and to prepare it for a possible airborne threat.
{"title":"German sport aviation as a reserve of military aviation in the inter-war period","authors":"Zygmunt Kozak","doi":"10.15804/rop2023304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023304","url":null,"abstract":"Aviation as a new weapon emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. The event that influenced its development was the course of the First World War. It was not the decisive factor in determining the fate of the war, however, its dynamic development in the final stage of the war could indicate its great importance in the future. The development of military aviation was the domain of the military authorities. The popularisation campaign and the development of appropriate flight training programs were entrusted to the civilian authorities. The establishment of appropriate organisations was needed to effectively engage the public in cooperation. Sport aviation and gliding excelled in preparing young people for service in airborne combat units and transport aviation. Their development in Europe in the inter-war period proceeded in two ways. The first was the creation of organisations by administrative orders, which took place in Germany, Russia and Italy. The second was the skilful use of social initiatives linked to aviation interests, appropriately coordinated by the state and supported by subsidies, as was the case in England and France. The purpose of the establishment of these organisations and activities was to popularise and train aviation in the widest circles of society and to prepare it for a possible airborne threat.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims to define the role of institutions in shaping competitiveness in certain European states. The research problem to be addressed through this study is to what extent does the level of competitiveness in world economy depends on Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in particular countries. The study was conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods of data analysis. A cross-country comparative analysis, based on data from 32 European states in 2021, revealed that the level of competitiveness is determined by institutional environment. The higher the WGI percentile ranks, the better place in the World Competitiveness Ranking. The results of the study enabled to fully confirm the 1st hypothesis, i.e. the institutional governance quality and control of corruption have a noticeably positive impact on competitiveness. It was revealed that the 2nd hypothesis could not be confirmed because of statistical insignificance, i.e. countries with political stability, absence of violence/terrorism and quality of law are typically more competitive among world economies. Meanwhile, the 3rd one was partially confirmed, i.e. the quality of regulations leads to higher competitiveness of economies, while freedom of expression, free media and ability to participate in national elections have not a significant impact on competitiveness.
{"title":"The role of institutions in shaping state competitiveness: the evidence from the European countries","authors":"Oleksandra Struk","doi":"10.15804/rop2023308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023308","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to define the role of institutions in shaping competitiveness in certain European states. The research problem to be addressed through this study is to what extent does the level of competitiveness in world economy depends on Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) in particular countries. The study was conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods of data analysis. A cross-country comparative analysis, based on data from 32 European states in 2021, revealed that the level of competitiveness is determined by institutional environment. The higher the WGI percentile ranks, the better place in the World Competitiveness Ranking. The results of the study enabled to fully confirm the 1st hypothesis, i.e. the institutional governance quality and control of corruption have a noticeably positive impact on competitiveness. It was revealed that the 2nd hypothesis could not be confirmed because of statistical insignificance, i.e. countries with political stability, absence of violence/terrorism and quality of law are typically more competitive among world economies. Meanwhile, the 3rd one was partially confirmed, i.e. the quality of regulations leads to higher competitiveness of economies, while freedom of expression, free media and ability to participate in national elections have not a significant impact on competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joanna Marszałek-Kawa, Renata Podgórzańska (eds.), Between Idea and Practice. An Asian Perspective, Adam Marszałek Publishing, Toruń 2022, pp. 174","authors":"Kamil Pietrasik","doi":"10.15804/rop2023310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Improper collection and disposal of municipal wastes has led to different levels of environmental challenges such as blockade of sewers, drain networks and the choking of water bodies. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of 364,666. The researcher used simple random sampling random technique to select 200 respondents in the targeted communities. The questionnaire used to collect information from the respondents was tagged Community Perception on Waste Management Practice Instrument (CPWMPI). The instrument was validated by the experts in the Department of Adult and Primary Education, University of Ilorin to ensure face, content and construct validity. To ascertain the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was administered to fifty respondents twice. The data collected were analyzed with the Person Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) tool, a co-efficient value of 0.89 was obtained. Inferential statistics was used to analyzed the research question while the hypotheses were analyzed with t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on gender (t {198} = 2.643, p<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on marital status (t{198} = 0.837, p>0.05), there was no significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on education (F {2, 197} = 1.592, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on religions (t{198} = 1.427, p>0.05)It was recommended in the study that there should be public enlightenment among the residents and urban dwellers on proper solid waste practices, management and disposal.
{"title":"Assessment of community perception on waste management practice in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Okoji, Taiye Adeyemi, Olufemi Olawuni","doi":"10.15804/rop2023306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/rop2023306","url":null,"abstract":"Improper collection and disposal of municipal wastes has led to different levels of environmental challenges such as blockade of sewers, drain networks and the choking of water bodies. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of 364,666. The researcher used simple random sampling random technique to select 200 respondents in the targeted communities. The questionnaire used to collect information from the respondents was tagged Community Perception on Waste Management Practice Instrument (CPWMPI). The instrument was validated by the experts in the Department of Adult and Primary Education, University of Ilorin to ensure face, content and construct validity. To ascertain the reliability of the instrument, the questionnaire was administered to fifty respondents twice. The data collected were analyzed with the Person Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) tool, a co-efficient value of 0.89 was obtained. Inferential statistics was used to analyzed the research question while the hypotheses were analyzed with t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on gender (t {198} = 2.643, p<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on marital status (t{198} = 0.837, p>0.05), there was no significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on education (F {2, 197} = 1.592, p>0.05), there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of residents on waste management practices based on religions (t{198} = 1.427, p>0.05)It was recommended in the study that there should be public enlightenment among the residents and urban dwellers on proper solid waste practices, management and disposal.","PeriodicalId":300317,"journal":{"name":"Reality of Politics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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