Ergonomic Challenges Encountered by Laparoscopic Surgeons, Surgical First Assistants, and Operating Room Nurses Involved in Minimally Invasive Surgeries by Using RULA Method

Background: Following the widespread approval of laparoscopic procedures, which impose certain restrictions on surgeons’ movements and access to information, extensive research has been conducted on improving ergonomic conditions in this field. Ergonomic studies have indicated high levels of physical workload among laparoscopic surgeons. Objectives: Thepurposeof thisstudywastoclarifythemajorergonomicchallengesfacedbylaparoscopicsurgeon,theirfirstassis-tants, and operating room nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 62 volunteers with different levels of experience in minimally invasive surgeries between October 2014 and June 2015. Demographic data and the musculoskeletal disorder were collected by demographic question-naireandthenordicmusculoskeletalquestionnaire(NMQ).Laparoscopiccholecystectomyproceduresandsurgicalteammembers’ position were recorded by camera then evaluated via the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method by ErgoIntelligence – UEA software. The data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA Test, pearson and Kendall correlation coefficient by using Spss 16 software. Results: 60%of participates are male and 40%are female. The Mean age of male and female participates are 43.94 and37.62, respectively. There is a significant relationship between weight, height and work experience with musculoskeletal disorders and jobs and RULA score. The surgeons had the highest score in Rulla method. Pearson correlation coefficient also showed a significant relationship between age and RULA score. Conclusions: The majority of the participants complained of pain and discomfort after laparoscopy, therefore it is imperative to consider ergonomic issues during such procedures. relationship between weight and height and work experience with RULA score. Kendall’s correlation coefficient did not show a significant relationship between jobs and musculoskeletal disorders.