Deploying Digital Detection of Dangerous DNA

Ready access to synthetic DNA has enabled vast progress in health and biotechnology in recent decades. However, it also makes it easier for malicious actors to develop biological weapons that threaten public health. Thus, it is crucial to regulate who can order synthetic DNA of pathogens from commercial providers. Some synthetic DNA providers screen customers and ordered sequences; however, there is no federal legislation addressing the responsibilities of these companies. Voluntary compliance with the screening Guidance issued by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is not sustainable, as it disadvantages companies who screen against those who do not. Here, we consider two policy solutions. Option 1 is to mandate minimum screening standards for all US-based synthetic DNA providers. This regulatory burden may weaken the US DNA synthesis sector, so we recommend Option 2, which requires government-funded researchers to only use synthetic DNA from accredited screening-compliant providers.