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Cover Memo: Volume 23, Issue 2, Special Issue on Civic Science for Transformative Policy Solutions to Societal Challenges 封面备忘录第 23 卷第 2 期 "公民科学促进社会挑战的变革性政策解决方案 "特刊
Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.38126/jspg2302cm
Elizabeth Good Christopherson, Jamie L. Vernon
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Civic Science Funding to Better Support Community Engagement 反思公民科学资助,更好地支持社区参与
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.38126/jspg230204
Andrea Isabel López, Mónica I. Feliú Mójer
Civic science funders and grantmakers play a key role in supporting community engagement efforts. However, current funding policies are often misaligned with the realities of community engagement. Collaboration with community partners moves at the speed of trust, and trust requires time, relationship-building, and persistence. Yet, many civic science grants have short timelines, burdensome reporting requirements, and are focused on quantitative outcomes. To realize the goals of civic science, grantmakers need to shift their practices to provide more flexible and long-term funding. This means extending funding periods from one year to multiple years, creating open communication channels to streamline and reduce reporting requirements and frequency, and valuing relationship-building as an important outcome.
公民科学资助者和拨款者在支持社区参与方面发挥着关键作用。然而,目前的资助政策往往与社区参与的现实情况不符。与社区合作伙伴的合作需要信任,而信任需要时间、关系的建立和坚持。然而,许多公民科学资助的时限很短,报告要求繁琐,而且注重量化结果。为了实现公民科学的目标,资助者需要转变做法,提供更加灵活和长期的资助。这意味着将资助期限从一年延长至多年,建立开放的沟通渠道,简化并减少报告要求和频率,并将建立关系作为一项重要成果。
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引用次数: 0
From Intent to Impact: Enabling Transdisciplinary Research for Responsible Scientific Stewardship 从意图到影响:跨学科研究促进负责任的科学管理
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.38126/jspg230207
Wilson Sinclair
Global challenges are complex and must be tackled in a holistic manner. Understanding and addressing them requires collaboration across disciplines, often uniting the humanities and social and natural sciences, to ask better questions and identify practical and revolutionary solutions. Universities can be excellent vehicles for transformational change as they educate the next generation of civically-motivated thinkers to create meaningful action and impact. Too often systemic, artificial barriers exist within these institutions that prevent meaningful transdisciplinary collaboration from succeeding. We recommend that universities identify grand challenges and foster a culture of cross-department collaboration with appropriate internal and external resources to enable broader impacts. Together, funders and institutional policymakers play a critical strategic role in fostering civic scientists and transdisciplinary researchers to solve multifaceted global problems.
全球挑战错综复杂,必须全面应对。理解和应对这些挑战需要跨学科的合作,往往需要将人文科学、社会科学和自然科学结合起来,提出更好的问题,找出切实可行和革命性的解决方案。大学可以成为实现转型变革的绝佳载体,因为它们可以培养下一代具有公民意识的思想家,以创造有意义的行动和影响。这些机构内部往往存在系统性的人为障碍,阻碍了有意义的跨学科合作取得成功。我们建议大学确定重大挑战,利用适当的内部和外部资源培养跨部门合作的文化,从而产生更广泛的影响。在培养公民科学家和跨学科研究人员以解决多方面全球问题的过程中,资助者和机构决策者共同发挥着重要的战略作用。
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引用次数: 0
Preclinical Evidence Synthesis Facilitates Open Science 临床前证据综合促进开放科学
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.38126/jspg230202
Colette Bilynsky
Evidence synthesis methodology, particularly preclinical evidence synthesis reviews, provides substantial benefits by reducing research waste, enhancing the quality of research, and providing comprehensive and objective overviews of specific fields. These reviews also allow for the contribution of citizen scientists, who represent an important facet of open science. Recent policy changes by the Biden-Harris Administration require that researchers receiving federal funding immediately make their publications and data available to the public without an embargo, highlighting the importance placed upon the open science principles of transparency, reproducibility, and accessibility. Despite this, the following assessment highlights two challenges for evidence synthesis reviews that are at odds with open science principles: (1) the lack of funding available for evidence synthesis reviews, particularly preclinical reviews, despite their demonstrated value and (2) the slow and expensive traditional publication model. I recommend allocating funding for preclinical evidence synthesis reviews as they are beneficial to both the researchers conducting the review and the field that is being reviewed. I also recommend supporting publication platforms that employ the quick release of preprints with a transparent peer review process and/or creating a federally funded and run publication platform characterized by open access and minimal publication costs.
证据综合方法,尤其是临床前证据综合综述,通过减少研究浪费、提高研究质量以及对特定领域进行全面客观的概述,带来了巨大的益处。这些综述还允许公民科学家做出贡献,他们代表了开放科学的一个重要方面。拜登-哈里斯政府(Biden-Harris Administration)最近对政策进行了修改,要求接受联邦资助的研究人员立即向公众提供其出版物和数据,而不实行封锁,这凸显了对开放科学原则--透明度、可复制性和可获取性--的重视。尽管如此,以下评估强调了证据综合审查所面临的两个与开放科学原则相悖的挑战:(1) 尽管证据综述(尤其是临床前综述)的价值已得到证明,但其缺乏资金支持;(2) 传统出版模式既缓慢又昂贵。我建议为临床前证据综述分配资金,因为这对进行综述的研究人员和被综述的领域都有好处。我还建议支持采用透明的同行评审流程快速发布预印本的出版平台,以及/或创建一个由联邦政府资助和运营的出版平台,其特点是开放存取和最低出版成本。
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引用次数: 0
Realizing Justice40: Addressing Structural Funding Barriers for Equitable Community Engagement in Energy RD&D 实现正义40:消除结构性资金障碍,促进社区公平参与能源研发工作
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.38126/jspg230201
Bettina K. Arkhurst, Wyatt Green Williams
The Justice40 Initiative, established by the Biden Administration through Executive Order 14008, aims to ensure 40% of the benefits associated with relevant governmental investments in areas such as climate and energy go to disadvantaged communities. However, persistent structural limitations pose challenges for energy researchers and engineers seeking to integrate justice into research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities, ultimately inhibiting full realization of Justice40. Using the Systemic Equity framework, this policy position paper highlights inadequacies in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) funding model and proposes changes to RD&D funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) to support the in-depth community engagement necessary for more equitable technology creation and demonstration. The recommended changes to FOAs are provided to encourage DOE Program Offices to rethink the RD&D funding process, the values that are fortified (intentionally or unintentionally) in that process, and systematically recenter RD&D processes on the goal Justice40 set out to achieve—a more just, equitable, and sustainable future.
拜登政府通过第 14008 号行政命令制定的 "正义 40 倡议 "旨在确保政府在气候和能源等领域的相关投资有 40% 的收益用于弱势社区。然而,长期存在的结构性限制给能源研究人员和工程师将公平纳入研究、开发和示范(RD&D)活动带来了挑战,最终阻碍了 "正义 40 "的全面实现。利用系统公平框架,本政策立场文件强调了美国能源部 (DOE) 资助模式中的不足之处,并建议修改 RD&D 资助机会公告 (FOA),以支持更公平的技术创造和示范所需的深入社区参与。建议对 FOAs 进行的修改旨在鼓励能源部各项目办公室重新思考研发与发展的资助流程、该流程中(有意或无意)强化的价值观,并系统地将研发与发展流程重新定位在 Justice40 设定的目标上--一个更加公正、公平和可持续的未来。
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引用次数: 0
Left out of the Room Where it Happens: Barriers to Serving in Senior Congressional Staff Roles May Limit “Representative” Science Policymaking 被排除在决策之外:担任国会高级职员的障碍可能会限制 "代表性 "科学决策
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.38126/jspg230203
Sheril Kirshenbaum
Policymakers are expected to represent the constituents of their districts and states. Given that the individual life histories and experiences of congressional staffers may influence their attitudes and decisions, it is crucial to understand more about the people serving in these roles, their diversity, and which communities are and are not well-represented. By conducting interviews with twenty-six current and former senior legislative staffers in the United States House of Representatives and Senate involved in drafting science policy, this study examines challenges to acquiring and maintaining key positions in scientific policymaking at the federal level. The results shed light on why some individuals have an unequal advantage to obtain senior staff roles while others struggle to stay in Congress long enough to achieve elite legislative positions. They also suggest that a lack of opportunities for already marginalized communities may lead to inadequate representation in decision-making, especially on science policy issues related to justice and equity. Ultimately, this article makes policy recommendations to foster greater diversity in senior staff roles and to bring the perspectives of more Americans into the science policy decision-making process.
人们期望政策制定者代表其选区和各州的选民。鉴于国会工作人员的个人生活史和经历可能会影响他们的态度和决策,因此更多地了解担任这些职务的人员、他们的多样性以及哪些社区具有或不具有良好的代表性至关重要。本研究通过对美国众议院和参议院参与起草科学政策的 26 名现任和前任高级立法工作人员进行访谈,探讨了在联邦一级科学决策中获得和保持关键职位所面临的挑战。研究结果揭示了为什么有些人在获得高级参谋职位方面具有不平等的优势,而另一些人却难以在国会呆足够长的时间以获得精英立法职位。这些结果还表明,已经被边缘化的群体缺乏机会,可能会导致决策中的代表性不足,尤其是在与正义和公平相关的科学政策问题上。最后,本文提出了政策建议,以促进高级职员职位的多样性,并将更多美国人的观点纳入科学政策决策过程。
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引用次数: 0
Community-Driven Civic Science: Relationship Building to Prioritize Public Needs 社区驱动的公民科学:建立关系,优先满足公众需求
Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.38126/jspg230205
Kristine Lu, Colleen O’Brien, G. Wickerson
At a time of unprecedented emphasis and investment in civic science, policymakers must grapple with whether existing civic science practices deliver on intended public benefits. Civic science, if poorly managed, can exploit communities due to inherent power imbalances between researchers and the public. For community stakeholders to guide or lead civic science—an approach we call community-driven civic science—we must invest in the relational infrastructure and relational capacity for scientists to build authentic relationships with communities. Relational infrastructure investments should include modifications to criteria for academic advancement—like tenure, expansion of funding sources, and grant reporting structures redesigned to focus on ongoing evaluation of community stakeholders’ value gained. Relational capacity building should include financial stipends for community members, training resources, and staff professional development. These investments will cultivate a new generation of civic scientists and scientifically engaged communities to collaborate towards using science for public benefit.
在对公民科学前所未有的重视和投资之际,政策制定者必须解决现有的公民科学实践是否能带来预期的公共利益的问题。由于研究人员与公众之间固有的权力不平衡,公民科学如果管理不善,就会剥削社区。要让社区利益相关者指导或领导公民科学--我们称之为社区驱动的公民科学--我们必须投资于关系基础设施和关系能力,让科学家与社区建立真实的关系。关系基础设施投资应包括修改学术晋升标准(如终身教职)、扩大资金来源、重新设计拨款报告结构,重点关注对社区利益相关者所获价值的持续评估。关系能力建设应包括为社区成员提供财政津贴、培训资源和员工职业发展。这些投资将培养新一代的公民科学家和科学参与社区,以合作利用科学造福公众。
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引用次数: 0
Closing the Intention-Action Gap: Behaviorally-Aligned Strategies for Effective Plastic Pollution Reduction 缩小意图与行动的差距:有效减少塑料污染的行为一致战略
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.38126/jspg220202
Bhuvanesh Awasthi, Anne-Teresa Birthwright, María Inés Carabajal, Larisse Faroni-Perez
This brief provides an overview of existing or proposed policies that aim to mitigate plastic pollution in four countries across the Americas (Argentina, Brazil, Canada, and Jamaica), as well as how a behavioral framework can be used to analyze and develop effective plastic pollution mitigation policies. At times, policy efforts do not always produce the desired outcomes, resulting in an intention-action gap, which is a disconnect between policy intentions and the everyday behavior of stakeholders. This brief highlights behaviorally-aligned recommendations to reduce the impact of plastic waste and pollution. The ultimate goal of this policy brief is to provide policymakers an insight into behaviorally-aligned policy perspectives to address plastic pollution in their respective countries.
本简报概述了美洲四个国家(阿根廷、巴西、加拿大和牙买加)旨在减轻塑料污染的现有或拟议政策,以及如何使用行为框架来分析和制定有效的塑料污染缓解政策。有时,政策努力并不总是产生预期的结果,导致意图-行动差距,即政策意图与利益相关者的日常行为之间的脱节。本简报强调了减少塑料废物和污染影响的行为一致的建议。本政策简报的最终目标是为政策制定者提供一个洞察行为一致的政策视角,以解决各自国家的塑料污染问题。
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引用次数: 1
Overlooked No More: Empowering Youth Voices in Global Climate-Change Negotiations 不再被忽视:增强青年在全球气候变化谈判中的发言权
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.38126/jspg220203
J. Campisi, Miriam Hird-Younger, Evvan Morton, Hamangai Pataxó, Fany Ramos Quispe, Sergio Richard Romero Nina, L. Sandroni
Youth participation in climate change negotiations has increased over the last decade; however, youth voices are still underrepresented. The diversity of youth activists in the Americas and the sheer number of youth-led organizations belies any stereotypes about disinterested youth. Youth care about both the present and the future of our planet; are organizing; and have many voices. Yet, there are currently weak institutional mechanisms to integrate these voices into climate negotiations beyond showcasing experiences. Youth must be included in collaborative and transdisciplinary ways. We recommend opportunities that have had success in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which help youth to engage in discussions with policymakers to inform climate negotiations. These recommendations include the following: 1) institutionalizing formal national and regional youth councils and committees to strengthen collaboration between young people and decision-makers; 2) creating and expanding training programs for youth on climate negotiations; 3) using science diplomacy as a key tool to enhance science-based, relevant, and collaborative efforts for youth engagement; and 4) developing strategies to navigate the diversity of expertise, scientific knowledge, and inclusion of youth to address equitable climate solutions.
过去十年,青年对气候变化谈判的参与有所增加;然而,青年的声音仍然没有得到充分代表。美洲青年积极分子的多样性和青年领导的组织的绝对数量,掩盖了任何关于无私青年的刻板印象。青年关心地球的现在和未来;组织;有很多声音。然而,目前除了展示经验之外,将这些声音纳入气候谈判的体制机制薄弱。必须以合作和跨学科的方式接纳青年。我们推荐在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区取得成功的机会,这些机会有助于青年参与与政策制定者的讨论,为气候谈判提供信息。这些建议包括:1)使正式的国家和区域青年理事会和委员会制度化,以加强青年与决策者之间的合作;2)创建和扩大针对青年的气候谈判培训项目;3)利用科学外交作为关键工具,加强以科学为基础的相关合作努力,促进青年参与;4)制定战略,引导专业知识、科学知识的多样性和青年的包容性,以解决公平的气候解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Transdisciplinarity 101: Short-Term Training in Knowledge CoProduction to Face Global Environmental Change 跨学科101:面对全球环境变化的知识协同生产短期培训
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.38126/jspg220207
L. Sandroni, Fany Ramos Quispe, L. House‐Peters, Gabriela Alonso-Yanez, Maria Ines Carabajal, M. Valentine, Sarah Schweizer, Mzime Murisa, N. Roy, A. de Vernal, Nicole Arbour, Anna M. Stewart Ibarra
The Belmont Forum and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) organized an online training workshop on transdisciplinary (TD) approaches at the Sustainability, Research, and Innovation Congress (SRI) in 2022. The IAI is an intergovernmental organization that brings together 19 countries from the Americas to support adaptation to the world’s changing environment. The Belmont Forum is a consortium of major funders and international science councils to promote knowledge about sustainability science. The workshop aimed to create a safe environment for participants to share their impressions of and experiences about transdisciplinary research, using the Americas (IAI mandate) as a launching point for TD approaches globally. The workshop consisted of two online sessions: Transdisciplinary Approach 101 and Transdisciplinary Case Studies. The objectives of the current workshop report are: 1) to identify the key takeaways regarding common challenges and opportunities for transdisciplinary practice among workshop participants’ experiences, upon which to base recommendations for best practices, e.g., managing power imbalances, conflicting priorities and timeframes, enhancing communication and consolidating contextual awareness. 2) to offer insights to build better strategies for “train the trainers'' processes around transdisciplinarity, especially in congresses and short-term events, including using an experience-based approach, offering specific tools and increasing the participation of non-academic partners. This report encourages the implementation of other training processes by experienced transdisciplinary researchers, practitioners, and funders, in order to build capacities for collaborative approaches in diverse scientific communities.
贝尔蒙特论坛和美洲全球变化研究所(IAI)于2022年在可持续发展、研究和创新大会(SRI)上组织了一个关于跨学科(TD)方法的在线培训研讨会。IAI是一个政府间组织,汇集了来自美洲的19个国家,支持适应世界不断变化的环境。贝尔蒙特论坛是一个由主要资助者和国际科学理事会组成的联盟,旨在促进有关可持续发展科学的知识。该研讨会旨在创造一个安全的环境,让与会者分享他们对跨学科研究的印象和经验,将美洲(IAI授权)作为全球TD方法的起点。研讨会包括两个在线会议:跨学科方法101和跨学科案例研究。当前研讨会报告的目标是:1)在研讨会参与者的经验中确定关于跨学科实践的共同挑战和机遇的关键要点,并以此为基础提出最佳实践建议,例如,管理权力不平衡、冲突的优先事项和时间框架、加强沟通和巩固背景意识。2)为围绕跨学科(特别是在大会和短期活动中)的“培训师”流程构建更好的战略提供见解,包括使用基于经验的方法、提供特定工具和增加非学术合作伙伴的参与。本报告鼓励有经验的跨学科研究人员、从业人员和资助者实施其他培训过程,以便在不同的科学界建立协作方法的能力。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Science Policy & Governance
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