Sexual dysfunction, mental illness and quality of life: a systematic review of the literature

Sexual dysfunction can have a significant effect on quality of life, but is not reported or underdiagnosed. A review of the recent literature highlights the correlation between sexual dysfunction and poor quality of life in people with psychiatric comorbidities and explores several aspects that influence care, from patient follow-up to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Sexual dysfunction (DS) has been shown to be predominant, but underdiagnosed and often untreated due to communication barriers between patients and physicians. The pharmacogenic and morphogenic causes of sexual problems are often difficult to differentiate. Psychiatric illness may increase the risk of DS, and DS may further aggravate psychiatric problems, suggesting a two-way relationship. Their effective treatment often involves a combination of elements of psychotherapy and behavioral therapies with pharmacotherapeutic interventions, if necessary. The persistence of sexual problems has a significant negative impact on patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment, but also on the patient's quality of life. Routine assessment of sexual function needs to be integrated into ongoing care to identify and address early problems. If sexual dysfunction is ignored, the psychiatric disorder can be maintained, the outcome of treatment can be compromised, and it can lead to non-compliance with treatment schedules.