Angle constraint active management of distribution networks with wind power

Large volumes of wind generation capacity are expected to connect to distribution networks in the coming years. The traditional ‘fit and forget’ approach where all technical limitations are satisfied in any credible operational scenario has significantly reduced the ability of certain networks to integrate more generation capacity as the extra costs are not viable for most wind farm developers. In this context, it is envisaged that the true potential of distribution networks to accommodate large renewable generation capacities will only be realised by applying active network management schemes. Here, it is proposed the innovative use of synchrophasor technology to actively manage wind power generation output in congested distribution networks, resulting in the connection of more capacity and, hence, the delivery of more energy as opposed to the 'fit and forget' approach. This is achieved by applying an angle-based constraint that is determined according to the network characteristics (i.e., a proxy for thermal limits, voltage limits, etc.) and using minimal communication. Results from a radial test feeder considering two wind farms demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in exporting more energy, although at expense of smaller capacity factors, whilst keeping the system secure.