Superresolution optical endoscopy imaging

The integration of femtosecond laser beams and optical microscopy has led to the invention of nonlinear optical microscopy which provides a revolutionary tool for three-dimensional (3D) imaging through thick tissue media. The recent development of fibre optics including photonic crystal fibre and its application into this new microscopy method has facilitated the emerging of nonlinear optical endoscopy for in vivo diagnosis and therapeutic studies. In this paper we present our recent cutting-edge progress on functional handheld fibre-optical nonlinear endoscopy and its application as a minimal invasive method for simultaneous diagnoses and treatment of cancer cells using transferrin-conjugated gold nanorods that are specifically labelled to cancer cells. In particular, we will report on a novel nonlinear optical endoscope using laser beams at two wavelengths for 3D superresolution imaging.