Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154829
X. Yuan
We report on recent development of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) excited by a highly focused radially polarized optical vortex (RPOV) beam on a metal surface and its new applications in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing and imaging. The proposed method reveals a direct phase manipulation through an incident structured beam to its counterpart in SPP with dynamic, reconfigurable and high-efficiency advantages.
{"title":"Plasmonic manipulation through light control and its applications in microscopic imaging and sensing","authors":"X. Yuan","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154829","url":null,"abstract":"We report on recent development of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) excited by a highly focused radially polarized optical vortex (RPOV) beam on a metal surface and its new applications in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing and imaging. The proposed method reveals a direct phase manipulation through an incident structured beam to its counterpart in SPP with dynamic, reconfigurable and high-efficiency advantages.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127188606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154824
Laixu Gao, Yan Huang, Songquan Li, Hong-an Ye
We report a method to make simplification and improve stability of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor by using an elliptical reflector in angular interrogation. The sensitive plate is K7 glass coated with about 50nm gold film. The centers of sensitive plate and the detector are set on each of the two focus of the elliptical reflector respectively. According to the geometrical optics, the detector on one focus can receive the light reflected by the elliptical reflector from another focus when incident angle of input light changes continuously. In addition, we use an opto-coupler switch to adjust the starting point of the rotary stage. The angular interrogation method has been used to study the performance of the sensor in terms of intrinsic sensitivity that includes the width and shifts of the SPR curve for a given refractive index of sensing layer. SPR curves can be observed through the rotation of angular movement of stepper motor, then the resonance angle of gold film is calculated. The preliminary experimental results confirmed that structure can be used as a steady sensor that could detect refractive index changes by precise measurement of the resonance angle and develop this sensor as a practicable high-stability biosensing device.
{"title":"Sensor based on angular interrogation of Surface Plasmon Resonance by using an elliptical reflector structure","authors":"Laixu Gao, Yan Huang, Songquan Li, Hong-an Ye","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154824","url":null,"abstract":"We report a method to make simplification and improve stability of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor by using an elliptical reflector in angular interrogation. The sensitive plate is K7 glass coated with about 50nm gold film. The centers of sensitive plate and the detector are set on each of the two focus of the elliptical reflector respectively. According to the geometrical optics, the detector on one focus can receive the light reflected by the elliptical reflector from another focus when incident angle of input light changes continuously. In addition, we use an opto-coupler switch to adjust the starting point of the rotary stage. The angular interrogation method has been used to study the performance of the sensor in terms of intrinsic sensitivity that includes the width and shifts of the SPR curve for a given refractive index of sensing layer. SPR curves can be observed through the rotation of angular movement of stepper motor, then the resonance angle of gold film is calculated. The preliminary experimental results confirmed that structure can be used as a steady sensor that could detect refractive index changes by precise measurement of the resonance angle and develop this sensor as a practicable high-stability biosensing device.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126158749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154830
Qingming Luo
Neuroanatomical architecture is considered the basis for understanding brain functions and dysfunctions. Several imaging approaches have been made for brainwide mapping of neural circuits at a mesoscopic scale, including our developed Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST) system that can provide submicron tomography of a centimeter-sized whole mouse brain. In this talk, we will clarify the unique features of the MOST in comparison to other techniques, discuss the challenges for visualizing the mouse brainwide neuroanatomical connectivity at the neurite level. Furthermore, we will present the new developed fMOST for imaging the fluorescent proteins or other fluorescent markers in the mouse brain.
{"title":"Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography for visualizing the mouse brainwide neuroanatomical connectivity","authors":"Qingming Luo","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154830","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroanatomical architecture is considered the basis for understanding brain functions and dysfunctions. Several imaging approaches have been made for brainwide mapping of neural circuits at a mesoscopic scale, including our developed Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST) system that can provide submicron tomography of a centimeter-sized whole mouse brain. In this talk, we will clarify the unique features of the MOST in comparison to other techniques, discuss the challenges for visualizing the mouse brainwide neuroanatomical connectivity at the neurite level. Furthermore, we will present the new developed fMOST for imaging the fluorescent proteins or other fluorescent markers in the mouse brain.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126634176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154844
S. Idinyang, Noah A. Russell
In the study of biological samples, it is often necessary to monitor and record cells in vitro via longterm imaging. The images must maintain focus throughout the recording period. Many algorithms have previously been developed to quantify the sharpness of an image.
{"title":"Real-time auto-focus implementation","authors":"S. Idinyang, Noah A. Russell","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154844","url":null,"abstract":"In the study of biological samples, it is often necessary to monitor and record cells in vitro via longterm imaging. The images must maintain focus throughout the recording period. Many algorithms have previously been developed to quantify the sharpness of an image.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123519659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154842
Paul E. Goodwin, Noah A. Russell
Dissociated hippocampal neurones form complex networks and spontaneously produce action potentials during their development in vitro; eventually establishing patterns of tightly-bound global electrical activity. This highly synchronous epileptiform-like activity is considered pathological and provides a model of seizures both in vivo and in vitro.
{"title":"Self-administering neuronal networks","authors":"Paul E. Goodwin, Noah A. Russell","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154842","url":null,"abstract":"Dissociated hippocampal neurones form complex networks and spontaneously produce action potentials during their development in vitro; eventually establishing patterns of tightly-bound global electrical activity. This highly synchronous epileptiform-like activity is considered pathological and provides a model of seizures both in vivo and in vitro.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116183309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154837
Jing Zhang, D. Morris, V. Sottile, J. Crowe, M. Somekh, M. Mather
Cell culture is essential to many areas of biology ranging from the fundamental study of cell biology to the application of cells for therapeutic purposes in Regenerative Medicine. Common to all these areas is the need to characterise cell populations under culture. Currently, cell populations are routinely monitored using conventional biological analysis e.g. cell surface markers, gene expression. This approach is destructive, not suitable for in-process measurements and renders time course experiments impossible. Alternatively non-destructive approaches that assess cell morphology can also be used, with light microscopy techniques (e.g. bright field, phase contrast imaging) being the primary methods. These microscopy techniques can sometimes be combined with the use of exogenous labels such as fluorescent markers. This can provide functional information but has the disadvantage that such cell modifications are invasive and potentially toxic to the cells.
{"title":"Non-invasive, label free, quantitative characterisation of live cells in monolayer culture","authors":"Jing Zhang, D. Morris, V. Sottile, J. Crowe, M. Somekh, M. Mather","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154837","url":null,"abstract":"Cell culture is essential to many areas of biology ranging from the fundamental study of cell biology to the application of cells for therapeutic purposes in Regenerative Medicine. Common to all these areas is the need to characterise cell populations under culture. Currently, cell populations are routinely monitored using conventional biological analysis e.g. cell surface markers, gene expression. This approach is destructive, not suitable for in-process measurements and renders time course experiments impossible. Alternatively non-destructive approaches that assess cell morphology can also be used, with light microscopy techniques (e.g. bright field, phase contrast imaging) being the primary methods. These microscopy techniques can sometimes be combined with the use of exogenous labels such as fluorescent markers. This can provide functional information but has the disadvantage that such cell modifications are invasive and potentially toxic to the cells.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131799478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154827
Y. Huang, H. Kwok, S.Y. Wu, Y. Shao, H. Ho, S. Kong
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is a very powerful tool for studying binding mechanisms between all kinds of biomolecular species without the need of any tagging or labeling. However, application of SPR at present is largely confined to the laboratory environment and SPR biosensors are yet to be widely accepted by the point-of-care diagnostics industry. Despite its attractive label-free and real time measurement capabilities, the lack of sensitivity as compared to conventional fluorescence based techniques has been the main barrier. It has largely accepted that when the sensitivity issue is resolved, enormous commercialisation opportunities will follow as label-free detection techniques are just too attractive for the end-user who wants to quickly get to the identification of those target biomolecules.
{"title":"Label-free biosensing arrays based on phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance imaging","authors":"Y. Huang, H. Kwok, S.Y. Wu, Y. Shao, H. Ho, S. Kong","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154827","url":null,"abstract":"The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is a very powerful tool for studying binding mechanisms between all kinds of biomolecular species without the need of any tagging or labeling. However, application of SPR at present is largely confined to the laboratory environment and SPR biosensors are yet to be widely accepted by the point-of-care diagnostics industry. Despite its attractive label-free and real time measurement capabilities, the lack of sensitivity as compared to conventional fluorescence based techniques has been the main barrier. It has largely accepted that when the sensitivity issue is resolved, enormous commercialisation opportunities will follow as label-free detection techniques are just too attractive for the end-user who wants to quickly get to the identification of those target biomolecules.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128510446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154820
S. J. Kim, Jonghwan Lee
Spatiotemporal imaging of neuronal activity in the brain plays a critical role in studies of brain function and disorders. However, thorough monitoring of neuronal activity in the brain has been far from practical due to the limitations of conventional technologies. Since brain activity is fundamentally the ensemble of excitation of neuronal cells, it exhibits extremely high spatiotemporal heterogeneity on the micrometer and millisecond scale. Further, a number of functional studies are accompanied by behavioral control and/or observation. An ideal functional imaging technology, therefore, would involve noninvasive, label-free and three-dimensional dynamic imaging of cortical neuronal activity with µm and ms resolution. Optical methods look like one of the most feasible approaches because fast optical signals of neuronal activity have several advantages over conventional methods, including the advantages that they require no probe and thus can be recorded noninvasively in 3D. It is logical to start from validating the measurement of fast optical signals in the fundamental unit of the neural system (neurons) and then pursue toward the measurement in the most complex neural system (human brain). As several scientists had reported the measurement of fast optical signals in large neurons isolated from low-level animals, we performed the next step in this study - optical measurement of neuronal activity in ex vivo brain tissue.
{"title":"Optical recording of fast neuron activities","authors":"S. J. Kim, Jonghwan Lee","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154820","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal imaging of neuronal activity in the brain plays a critical role in studies of brain function and disorders. However, thorough monitoring of neuronal activity in the brain has been far from practical due to the limitations of conventional technologies. Since brain activity is fundamentally the ensemble of excitation of neuronal cells, it exhibits extremely high spatiotemporal heterogeneity on the micrometer and millisecond scale. Further, a number of functional studies are accompanied by behavioral control and/or observation. An ideal functional imaging technology, therefore, would involve noninvasive, label-free and three-dimensional dynamic imaging of cortical neuronal activity with µm and ms resolution. Optical methods look like one of the most feasible approaches because fast optical signals of neuronal activity have several advantages over conventional methods, including the advantages that they require no probe and thus can be recorded noninvasively in 3D. It is logical to start from validating the measurement of fast optical signals in the fundamental unit of the neural system (neurons) and then pursue toward the measurement in the most complex neural system (human brain). As several scientists had reported the measurement of fast optical signals in large neurons isolated from low-level animals, we performed the next step in this study - optical measurement of neuronal activity in ex vivo brain tissue.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130274356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154823
P. O'shea, J. Richens, K. Vere
It is clear that the enormous variety of imaging technologies particularly those directed towards single cells have transformed our understanding of how living cells function. It is also evident that this field of study has matured to the extent that bioimaging is itself almost a self-standing discipline. There remains, however, quite profound problems both in terms of the imaging technologies themselves and also those that are presented to us by cell biology. We must become more aware that imaging protocols may modify the processes we are observing, there is growing body of evidence for example, that large photon dosages associated with eg stimulated emission depletion imaging or PALM/STORM imaging to a region of a single living cells can lead to cellular damage or modification of molecular behavior in the vicinity of the laser irradiation. This potential problem is related to both high intensity and long exposure times. Similarly, some techniques that operate towards the edge of present detection sensitivities (eg single molecule techniques) requiring extended illumination times necessary to acquire an image are also subject to some concerns that the measurement is modifying the process under scrutiny. Another problem that is becoming the subject of greater awareness is that the attachment of a photoprotein to a protein of interest (PoI) may lead to modified behaviour of the PoI or even other protein that are affected by the augmented exposure of the photoprotein-PoI construct. It should be emphasised, however, that these foregoing comments in no way represent any criticism of the profound contribution the originators of these techniques have made, they are made simply to allow us to formulate a ‘wish-list’ for our next generation imaging needs.
{"title":"Framing next-generation imaging questions: Outstanding problems that must be addressed if we are to understand cell biology","authors":"P. O'shea, J. Richens, K. Vere","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154823","url":null,"abstract":"It is clear that the enormous variety of imaging technologies particularly those directed towards single cells have transformed our understanding of how living cells function. It is also evident that this field of study has matured to the extent that bioimaging is itself almost a self-standing discipline. There remains, however, quite profound problems both in terms of the imaging technologies themselves and also those that are presented to us by cell biology. We must become more aware that imaging protocols may modify the processes we are observing, there is growing body of evidence for example, that large photon dosages associated with eg stimulated emission depletion imaging or PALM/STORM imaging to a region of a single living cells can lead to cellular damage or modification of molecular behavior in the vicinity of the laser irradiation. This potential problem is related to both high intensity and long exposure times. Similarly, some techniques that operate towards the edge of present detection sensitivities (eg single molecule techniques) requiring extended illumination times necessary to acquire an image are also subject to some concerns that the measurement is modifying the process under scrutiny. Another problem that is becoming the subject of greater awareness is that the attachment of a photoprotein to a protein of interest (PoI) may lead to modified behaviour of the PoI or even other protein that are affected by the augmented exposure of the photoprotein-PoI construct. It should be emphasised, however, that these foregoing comments in no way represent any criticism of the profound contribution the originators of these techniques have made, they are made simply to allow us to formulate a ‘wish-list’ for our next generation imaging needs.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"120 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129377551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154849
Alex D. Johnstone, Bo Fu, Noah A. Russell
When studying activity in neuronal networks it is desirable to induce arbitrary patterns of action potential activity. Neurons transduced with light-sensitive ion channels (ChR2 and NpHR) can be stimulated by incident light. Prior research has determined that irradiance of at least 1mWmm−2 pulsed at 1kHz at 470nm (for excitation) and 590nm (for inhibition) will result in reliable stimulation of a neuron.
{"title":"Optical system for selectively firing neurons","authors":"Alex D. Johnstone, Bo Fu, Noah A. Russell","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154849","url":null,"abstract":"When studying activity in neuronal networks it is desirable to induce arbitrary patterns of action potential activity. Neurons transduced with light-sensitive ion channels (ChR2 and NpHR) can be stimulated by incident light. Prior research has determined that irradiance of at least 1mWmm−2 pulsed at 1kHz at 470nm (for excitation) and 590nm (for inhibition) will result in reliable stimulation of a neuron.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126366395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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