CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF OIL PIPELINE TRANSPORT OF OIL AND GAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Based on the analysis of the current state, it was revealed that Kazakhstan has significant reserves of fuel and energy resources: proven oil reserves exceed 4 billion tons. Due to the fact that Kazakhstan's own consumption of energy resources is less than their production, the remaining amount is sold on world markets. This article describes that the most preferred mode of transport of energy resources are pipelines, which have the following indisputable advantages: they can be laid in any direction and at any distance, regardless of the landscape; their operation practically does not depend on external conditions (weather conditions, time of year and day); they are more reliable than other types of energy transport and are automated to the greatest extent; cargo delivery is carried out almost all year round, without idle mileage, characteristic of tanks and ships when using other types of transport. In addition, it was recommended that the use of pipelines makes it possible to free up rail and water transport for the transportation of other goods. It was also proposed to expand the routes of transport systems connecting the Caspian oil and gas region with the regions of southern, central and eastern Kazakhstan, which will improve their security in the consumption of hydrocarbon resources. Partial or complete rejection of natural gas imports due to its supplies from the fields of Western Kazakhstan will ensure not only a reduction in foreign exchange costs for its purchase from Uzbekistan, but also reduce dependence on fluctuations in its prices due to changing market conditions and seasonality of supplies. This circumstance justifies the need to redistribute gas resources in the direction of solving the issues of providing the southern region of Kazakhstan with sufficient volumes of this type of resources.