Batteries and pumped-hydro: Pooling for synergies in the frequency response provisioning

Battery electric storage systems (BESS) are characterised by their fast ramping, pumped-storage plants (PSP) by their relatively larger storage capacity. In this paper the pooling of PSP (with ternary set) and BESS for the common provision of frequency containment reserve (FCR, primary reserve) is analysed. For this, different joint operation modes have been studied and their power output and energy flows have been simulated on a second-wise resolution. It is shown how common FCR provisioning and volatility reduction in PSP by pooling with BESS is possible. The main benefit of volatility reduction is the lifetime extension of wearing parts in the PSP. It could be shown, that a PSP and BESS aggregate operated in dual mode to provide FCR and volatility reduction at once is more profitable compared to respective individual stand-alone PSP and BESS FCR provisioning. Keywords—pumped-storage, hydro power, ternary set, battery, BESS, cycle lifetime, pooling, frequency containment reserve, primary reserve, frequency response