Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through Capped Clay Nanotubes

Stem cells can be coaxed to grow into new bone or new cartilage better and faster when given the right molecular cues [1, 2]. Depending on the target tissue, control over the physical, chemical and mechanical influences is key to directing cell behavior in three-dimensions, and, ultimately, as a method to grow tissues for regenerative medicine applications. We designed a hydrogel that provides control over local biomaterial properties and that permits guidance over the process of development leading to extracellular matrix and tissue development. Our hydrogel nanocomposite consisting of alginate or chitosan, and growth factors doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs). Results demonstrate that HNT addition improved nanocomposite material properties and created a cell supportive environment. While the focus in this study was on osteoblast differentiation this approach may permit local control over the behavior of varied cell types and allow the engineering of complex tissues using a single stem cell source.