残疾人士的就业和职业状况

O. Gi
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文调查了残疾人的就业和职业状况。它审查的挑战和发展的职业目标和行动计划。为残疾人士提供职业发展服务一直是职业顾问面临的挑战。一般来说,残疾人的职业调整的特点是可销售的工作技能有限,收入低,就业不足,失业(Curnow, 1989)。此外,Harrington(1997)认为残疾学生离开学校时往往没有市场所需的技能或独立运作的能力。因此,这些学生缺乏参与决策的机会,无法形成自己作为一名工人的认知,他们缺乏自我能力,这可能会阻碍职业发展。对于申请康复服务以提高自给自足和个人独立性的残疾人(Scotch 2000)来说,这些分类系统的剥夺权力的性质往往是非常明显的,而不是被视为具有自由或平等地位的成年人,他们可能会遇到身体健全的人声称有权决定他们需要什么样的服务。因此,至关重要的是,职业咨询师拒绝家长式的分类程序和活动工作,以促进残疾人客户的赋权。通过职业咨询赋予残疾人权利20世纪90年代通过的三项具有里程碑意义的联邦立法为残疾人提供服务的权利和选择以及始于60年代的残疾人消费者运动奠定了基调。这些立法是1990年的《美国残疾人法案》(ADA)、1992年的《康复法案修正案》和1999年的《工作票和工作激励改进法案》。因此,有效的职业咨询有助于增强残疾客户的生活选择和职业成功的能力。在授权框架内应用职业咨询结构将使残疾客户变得积极和知情。
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Employment and Career Status of People with Disabilities
This paper investigates the employment and career status of people with disabilities. It examines the challenges and developing career goals, and plans of action. Providing career development services to people with disabilities has always been a challenge to career counsellors. Generally, the vocational adjustment of people with disabilities has been characterized by limited salable work skills, low income, underemployment, unemployment (Curnow, 1989). In addition, Harrington (1997) opined that students with disabilities frequently leave school without marketable skills or the ability to function independently. Such students therefore lack the opportunity to participate in decision making, to form a perception of oneself as a worker, they lack self competences and this can impede career development. The disempowering nature of these classification systems is often all too apparent to people with disabilities applying for rehabilitation services in an effort to enhance self sufficiency and personal independence (Scotch 2000) rather than being treated as adults with free or equal status, they may be confronted by able bodied persons asserting a right to determine what kind of services they need. Thus, it is critically important that career counsellors reject paternalistic castification processes and activity work to foster empowerment among their clients with disabilities.Empowering People with Disabilities through Career CounsellingThree milestone pieces of Federal legislation passed in the 1990’s set a tone of empowerment and choice regarding service provision to people with disabilities and consumer movement among people with disabilities originally begun in the 1960’s. These pieces of legislation are the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA), the 1992 Rehabilitation Act Amendments, and the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999. Effective career counselling can thus be instrumental for empowering the life choices and career success of clients with disabilities. Apply career counselling structure within an empowerment framework will enable clients with disabilities to become active and well informed.
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