Optimal Power Management for Residential PEV Chargers with Frequency Support Capability

The increasing popularity of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) will impose a significant strain on the electricity networks. However, Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation can provide ancillary services, improving the overall stability and reliability of the grid. In this paper, an optimal power management system with frequency support capability is proposed. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for the calculation of the optimal power exchange between PEV’s battery and the grid throughout the day. Additionally, the ability of the PEV to provide frequency support to the grid is examined. Using a frequency-PEV load droop control approach, the deviation of PEV’s power from its optimal set-point is determined. Once the need for frequency support ends, the aforementioned algorithm reschedules the new optimal operation of the PEV, satisfying at the same time all predetermined goals and constraints.