斯塔夫罗波尔地区耕地土壤状况评价及保护处理

Yu. A. Kuzychenko, K. Katkov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

斯塔夫罗波尔的耕地土壤受到各种自然和人为因素的影响,降低了土壤肥力,因此,制定一些具体的土壤保护措施是一项重要的实际任务。影响土壤的过程通常是复杂的,包括一定数量的因素(水分侵蚀、通货膨胀等),这些因素或多或少地表现在某一类型的黑钙土和栗子土上。主要任务是根据调查区土壤影响因子面积信息,对耕地土壤状况进行综合评价。为此,采用主成分的计算方法,可以得到土壤状态复合指标(CISS)的值。发现主成分pc1包括以下显著因子:枯蚀和盐渍土;盐沼和被冲走的土壤。pc2组件包括泄气和淹水的土壤。对pc3分量的主要贡献是以下因素:侵蚀和通货紧缩共同破坏的土壤。在选定主成分的子空间中确定计算点BST的坐标和CISS (D i)的值。然后通过数据分组的方法,根据CISS值对该地区的调查区域进行排序,形成土壤条件满意、中等和不满意的区域分组,并将CISS数据以地图的形式呈现出来。通过对区域内某些类型土壤的制图方案进行分析,并与各调查点土壤状态水平图数据进行比较,可以得出结论:在大多数情况下,土壤气候特征和土壤成因的某些负因子对应于CISS值(D i)的土壤状态不理想水平。对基本耕作制定了具体的土壤保护措施:较好地区的半休耕地进行排土场处理的节能技术;中等程度地区复合地下松动;在土壤状态不理想的盐渍土上,浅覆盖深度可达10-12 cm,深凿深度可达40 cm。
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ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND PROTECTION TREATMENT OF ARABLE SOILS IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY
The arable soils of Stavropol are affected by various natural and man-made factors that reduce soil fertility, therefore, the development of a number of specific soil protection measures is an important practical task. The processes affecting the soil are usually complex and include a certain number of factors (water erosion, deflation, etc.), which are more or less manifested on a certain type of chernozem and chestnut soils. The main task is to comprehensively assess the state of arable soils based on the information about the areas of factors affecting soils in the survey areas. For this purpose, the calculation method of main components is used, which allows to obtain the values of the complex indicator of the state of soil (CISS). It was found that the main component PC 1 includes the following significant factors: solonchaks and saline soils; salt marshes and washed away soils. The PC 2 component includes deflated and waterlogged soils. The main contribution to the PC 3 component is by the following factor: soils destroyed by combined erosion and deflation.The coordinates of the calculated point BST and the values of the CISS ( D i) are determined and calculated in the sub-space of selected principal components. Then by the method of data grouping, the surveyed areas of the region are rankedaccording to the CISS values and the groups of areas with satisfactory, moderate and unsatisfactory soil conditions are formed, and the CISS data are presented in cartographic form. The analysis of the map-scheme of certain types of soils over the territory of the region and their comparison with the data of the map of soil state level at the survey points allows to conclude that in most cases certain negative factors of soil-climatic character and soil genesis correspond to the unsatisfactory level of soil state according to the CISS values ( D i). Based on the comprehensive assessment of the soil state level, specific soil protection measures have been developed for basic tillage: energy-saving technologies with dump processing of semi-fallow lands in the areas with a satisfactory level; combined subsurface loosening in the areas with moderate level; and shallow mulching treatment down to 10-12 cm in deflationary areas and deep chiseling down to 40 cm on saline soils with unsatisfactory level of soil state.
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