印度的海吉拉(跨性别)社区和媒体的立场

Neeraj Singh, Mudasir Sultan Zarger
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摘要

海吉拉(Hijras)或跨性别群体是印度社会的重要组成部分。即使法律也不能否认它们的存在。最高法院最近为海吉拉或变性人设立了“第三性别”地位。早些时候,他们被迫在性别上写“男性”或“女性”。最高法院要求中央将变性人视为社会和经济上落后的人。我们生活在21世纪,除了第三性即变性人之外,所有人的人权都得到保障和保护。尽管有所有的宪法保障,但变性人甚至被剥夺了他们的基本权利,如尊严权、人身自由权、教育权、言论自由等。海吉拉和其他跨性别群体成员因为不符合社会对性别的传统社会规范而面临着主流社会和男性社会的歧视、骚扰和排斥。这种排斥被想象成有助于将不规范的性和性别少数群体拒之门外——看不见,失去权力,这一过程可以被称为象征性的根除。媒体对海吉拉的投射产生了一种“世界观”,需要大量的审查、分析和社会工作干预。在回顾现有文献的基础上,本研究项目试图深入研究这些问题。该研究涉及印度等发展中国家跨性别者面临的问题,以及媒体对他们的保护和代表的立场。该研究还涵盖了跨性别者的存在是如何被排除在社会之外的,法律和秩序是如何将这种社会排斥转化为社会包容的,以及媒体正在做些什么。
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Hijras (Trans Gender) Community in India and Stand of Media
The Hijras or Transgender community in India is an important part of society. Even the law can't deny their existence. The Supreme Court recently created the "third gender" status for Hijras or transgender. Earlier, they were forced to write male or female against their gender. The SC asked the Centre to treat transgender as socially and economically backward. We live in the 21st century where human rights are assured and preserved for human beings except the third gender i.e., transgender. Despite all constitutional guarantees, the transgender is even denied to have their basic rights like the right to dignity, personal liberty, education, freedom of expression etc. The Hijras and other members of the transgender community face discrimination and harassment and exclusion in the mainstream and malestream society just because they do not conform to the traditional social norms about gender in society. This exclusion has been visualized to contribute to keeping non-normative sexual and gendered minorities at bay - invisible and bereft of power, a process that can be referred to as symbolic eradication. The projection of the Hijras in Media generates a 'worldview' that needs a lot of scrutinies, analysis and social work interventions. Based on a review of available literature, this Research Project tries to delve deep into these issues. The research deals with the problems transgender faces in a developing country like India and the stand of media for their protection and representation. The study also covered how the presence of transgender is excluded from society and what law and order is doing to convert that social exclusion into social inclusion and what media is doing for the same.
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