敖德萨市历史建筑的现代地位。有问题的问题和解决方法

A. Chernenko
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摘要

本文对敖德萨市历史建筑的衰败衰败进行了重点论述。这座城市从19世纪初典型的帝国风格的住宅和公共建筑发展到70%的折衷主义和现代主义风格,出现在公寓楼、火车站、教育设施和医疗建筑群中。作者对城市历史区域内建筑物的现状进行了研究,以期在给定的领域中提供变化。文章对历史建筑的形成、历史城市肌理存在的问题以及解决问题的途径进行了回顾。专门的单独段落致力于上述问题的重要性,不仅在建设性和艺术建筑目的地,而且在广泛发展的城市不断变化的条件下,寻找历史建筑功能占用率的有益解决方案。建议建立科学的生产小组,以便对城市历史范围的各个部分进行界定、系统化和校准。这些小组将包括不同领域的专家,如建筑师、技术专家、建造者或设计师、当地历史学家、雕刻家、营销人员、经济学家、建造者,当然还有学生。建立这样一个团体的最合适的方法是基于敖德萨国立建筑学院,那里集中了科学和实验室基地。要摆脱假死状态,唯一需要的就是国家的支持。作者提出了历史城市遗产修复的几种方法:所谓的表面化(列宁格勒法)和科学修复法。值得注意的是,在就历史建筑遗产的未来命运做出任何实际决定之前,必须完成对该问题的综合科学调查。考虑到城市的形象是由公园、广场的数量和建筑及其立面来代表的,唯一的事情就是拯救它,并为它设定一个目标,这是保护遗产的首要任务。国家计划或私营企业可以带头解决这个问题。一个人必须遵守“L和K”规则:法律和知识。明智地说,有必要为过去几个世纪的建筑和与21世纪相关的功能填充发明或找到一种新的类型。
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THE MODERN STATUS OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDING IN THE CITY OF ODESSA. THE PROBLEMATIC ISSUES AND THE WAYS OF RESOLUTION
The article considers the main points on the decaying and dilapidated historical building in the city of Odessa. The city developed from the typical Empire style of the residential and the public buildings in the beginning of the nineteenth century to the replacing of the style for 70 % with eclecticism and modernism presented in the apartment buildings, railway stations, educational facilities and medical building complexes. The research of the current condition of the buildings and constructions in the historical area of the city is presented by the author in order to provide changes in the field given. The retrospective review of the historical building formation and the problematic issues of the historical urban fabric as well as the ways of solving the problem are clearly defined in the article. A specific separate paragraph is dedicated to the importance of the issues above¬-mentioned not only in the constructive and art-architectural destination, but also in finding the beneficial solutions on functional occupancy rate of the historical building in a state of constantly changing conditions of the extensively developing city. It is recommended that the scientific production groups are to be made in order to define, to systemize and to calibrate the parts of the historical range of the city. The groups are to include the experts in different fields such as the architects, the technologists, the constructors or the designers, the historians of a local lore as well as sculptors, marketers, the economists, the builders and the students, of course. The most appropriate way to make such a group is to create it based upon the Odessa State Academy of the Architecture, where the scientific and the laboratory bases are concentrated. The only thing needed to get out of the suspended animation is the State support. The author suggests using some methods of the rehabilitation of the historical city heritage: the so called facadization (the Leningrad method) and the method of scientific restoration. It is necessary to note that the integrated scientific investigations on the issue are to be fulfilled before taking any practical decision as for the further fate of the historical building heritage. Taking into account the fact that the image of the city is represented both by the number of parks, squares and by its buildings and their facades, the only thing is to save it and to set it a goal, a prior task to preserve that heritage. The state program or the private business can be leading in solving the problem. One must keep to the “L and K” rule: the Law and the Knowledge. It is advisably necessary to invent or to find a new typology for the architecture of the past centuries and the functional filling, relevant to the 21st century.
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