应用复合方法对大豆农业系统进行土壤保护研究

F. Chețan, L. Suciu, C. Chețan, A. Tărău, I. Crișan, F. Mureșanu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

“土壤自然肥力的退化是由于实行传统耕作制度(犁沟还田)和使用高剂量的化肥造成的。有必要采用既能保持和提高土壤肥力又不降低产量的土壤耕作技术。在罗马尼亚,大豆可以促进农业部门的经济发展,因为它降低了牲畜和食品部门所需的植物蛋白的采购成本,大豆是一种从各种来源(降水、日本根瘤菌活性、腐殖质矿化和残余氮)固定氮的植物。在2018-2020年期间,在ARDS Turda进行了四种耕作制度(CS -犁、MC -凿、MD -盘和nt -直播)下大豆根瘤的研究,结果表明,在保守耕作制度下,大豆产量与根瘤的数量和重量呈正相关。有机矿肥(绿肥-秋油菜+牛粪+ N40P40)对油菜根瘤数和根瘤重有显著正相关的促进作用,并能提高产量。作为CS的替代品,大豆可以在最小耕作系统(MC)中种植,与传统系统(犁)相比,产量差异微不足道,仅为38公斤。实验区的土壤气候条件对这种作物和大气氮的固定都很有利,不需要大剂量的矿物肥料。”
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SOIL PROTECTION STUDY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEX METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN AGROSYSTEM
"The degradation of natural soil fertility is caused by practicing the classic tillage system (ploughing with the furrow return) and using high doses of chemical fertilizers. It is necessary to adopt soil tillage techniques that aim to preserve and improve soil fertility without decrease production. In Romania, soybean crop, could be an economic boost for the agriculture sector because it reduces the costs required for the procurement of vegetable protein needed for the livestock and food sector, soybeans being a plant that fixes nitrogen from various sources (precipitation, activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, humus mineralization and residual nitrogen). From the research conducted between 2018-2020 at ARDS Turda, regarding the soybean root nodules cultivated in four tillage systems (CS - plough, MC - chisel, MD - disk and NT- direct sowing) with the technology specific to each system, the results indicate that in a conservative system the soybeans yield correlates positively with the number and weight of nodules formed. Organo-mineral fertilization (green fertilizer - autumn rape + gulle manure + N40P40) contributes significantly positively to the number and the weight of nodules and increases the yield. As an alternative to the CS, soybean can be cultivated in a minimum tillage system (MC), the yield difference compared to the classical system (plough) being insignificant, just 38 kg. The pedo-climatic conditions of the experimental area it is favourable for this crop and for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, without requiring high doses of mineral fertilizers."
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