This papersummarizes the data on use of antagonistic microorganisms as biocontrol agents against fungal phytopathogensthat affects postharvest fruits and vegetables. The useof synthetic fungicides has been the dominant control strategy for diseases caused by fungi.However, their excessive and inappropriate use in intensive agriculture has created problemsthat have led to environmental contamination, considerable residues in agricultural products, andphytopathogen resistance. Therefore, there is a need to generate alternatives that are safe, ecological,and economically viable to face this problem. Inhibition of phytopathogen in fruit/vegetableutilizing antagonistic microorganisms as biological control agents (BCA) could represent aviable and environmentally safe alternative to synthetic fungicides.
{"title":"\"BIOCONTROL OF POSTHARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES BY MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS - minireview\"","authors":"S. Dinu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.15.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.15.01","url":null,"abstract":"This papersummarizes the data on use of antagonistic microorganisms as biocontrol agents against fungal phytopathogensthat affects postharvest fruits and vegetables. The useof synthetic fungicides has been the dominant control strategy for diseases caused by fungi.However, their excessive and inappropriate use in intensive agriculture has created problemsthat have led to environmental contamination, considerable residues in agricultural products, andphytopathogen resistance. Therefore, there is a need to generate alternatives that are safe, ecological,and economically viable to face this problem. Inhibition of phytopathogen in fruit/vegetableutilizing antagonistic microorganisms as biological control agents (BCA) could represent aviable and environmentally safe alternative to synthetic fungicides.","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116469802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
" The purpose of the study was to establish the degree of attack of grapevine downy mildew and gray rot on the Muscat Ottonel variety in different technological variants organized in the southern part of Muntenia region in a farm from Hotarele, Giurgiu County in the climatic and meteorological conditions of 2021. The results showed that in the experimental plots treated with 0.5 and 0.6% foliar fertilizers and 200 kg phosphorus and potassium active substance per ha, the degree of attack of the two diseases decreases (0.01% for Plasmopara vitícola and 0.04% for Botrytis cinerea) comparatively to the untreated control (0.13% and 0.54 % respectively). "
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE DOWNY MILDEW (Plasmopara viticola) AND OF THE GRAY ROT (Botrytis cinerea) ATTACK CORRELATED WITH THE LEAF TREATMENTS AND THE SOIL FERTILIZATION","authors":"M. Lixandru, S. Fendrihan","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.11","url":null,"abstract":"\" The purpose of the study was to establish the degree of attack of grapevine downy mildew and gray rot\u0000on the Muscat Ottonel variety in different technological variants organized in the southern part of Muntenia region\u0000in a farm from Hotarele, Giurgiu County in the climatic and meteorological conditions of 2021. The results showed\u0000that in the experimental plots treated with 0.5 and 0.6% foliar fertilizers and 200 kg phosphorus and potassium\u0000active substance per ha, the degree of attack of the two diseases decreases (0.01% for Plasmopara vitícola and\u00000.04% for Botrytis cinerea) comparatively to the untreated control (0.13% and 0.54 % respectively).\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"9 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120932984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A NEW RECORD OF NEODRYINUS TYPHLOCYBAE IN ROMANIA -short communication","authors":"C. Chireceanu, D. Dobromir","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115184201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bernardos, Natalia Sierra Cornejo, C. G. Rodriguez, Jose R.Arevalo, R. Cabrera
"Rumex lunaria L., a Polygonaceae shrub, has colonized large areas of Lanzarote, Canary Islands, from the 1980s to the present day, revealing an invasive behaviour. Recently, symptoms of disease like leaf spots and lack of turgidity in trunks have been observed. This fact has led to the investigation on fungal communities present in this invasive species in several areas of the National Park and other locations in Lanzarote Island. Our objectives were to detect and select fungal strains with phytopathogenic traits isolated from disease symptomatic plants using different screening techniques. To isolate the potential fungi causing disease symptoms, samples were processed using mycological classical techniques. Identification of fungi was based on morphological and molecular analysis using the accepted DNA barcode for fungi, the rDNA ITS region. Five rapid and cost-effective screening methods were carried out in the laboratory in a sequential order before scaling the study to the nursery plants assay. This sequence of methods allows us to test the potential pathogenic effects of a high number of strains in a relatively short period of time: method 1 -both sides of the midrib of a cut leaf were inoculated with droplets of a spores suspension; method 2 -a branch with leaves maintained in water was inoculated with droplets of a spores suspension; method 3 -the aerial part of seedlings was sprayed with spores suspension; method 4 and 5 -leaves of an adult plant were inoculated with droplets of a spores suspension. Several scales for symptoms were developed according to strains-specific effects on tissue like chlorosis, spots, necrosis. Size of leaves spots were recorded. Of 76 fungal isolated strains, 21 genera were identified, with Alternaria and Penicillium being the most frequent. The screening process led to the selection of Alternaria tenuissima (strain 739) as it showed a constant pathogenic ability along the screening sequence. Thus, it makes it a strong potential biological control agent for the invasive species R. lunaria in Lanzarote Island. This study also contributes to the knowledge on the fungal communities of R. lunaria. "
{"title":"SCREENING FOR BIOLOGICALS TO CONTROL RUMEX LUNARIA L. IN LANZAROTE ISLAND","authors":"M. Bernardos, Natalia Sierra Cornejo, C. G. Rodriguez, Jose R.Arevalo, R. Cabrera","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.15","url":null,"abstract":"\"Rumex lunaria L., a Polygonaceae shrub, has colonized large areas of Lanzarote, Canary Islands, from\u0000the 1980s to the present day, revealing an invasive behaviour. Recently, symptoms of disease like leaf spots and\u0000lack of turgidity in trunks have been observed. This fact has led to the investigation on fungal communities present\u0000in this invasive species in several areas of the National Park and other locations in Lanzarote Island. Our objectives\u0000were to detect and select fungal strains with phytopathogenic traits isolated from disease symptomatic plants using\u0000different screening techniques. To isolate the potential fungi causing disease symptoms, samples were processed\u0000using mycological classical techniques. Identification of fungi was based on morphological and molecular analysis\u0000using the accepted DNA barcode for fungi, the rDNA ITS region. Five rapid and cost-effective screening methods\u0000were carried out in the laboratory in a sequential order before scaling the study to the nursery plants assay. This\u0000sequence of methods allows us to test the potential pathogenic effects of a high number of strains in a relatively\u0000short period of time: method 1 -both sides of the midrib of a cut leaf were inoculated with droplets of a spores\u0000suspension; method 2 -a branch with leaves maintained in water was inoculated with droplets of a spores\u0000suspension; method 3 -the aerial part of seedlings was sprayed with spores suspension; method 4 and 5 -leaves of\u0000an adult plant were inoculated with droplets of a spores suspension. Several scales for symptoms were developed\u0000according to strains-specific effects on tissue like chlorosis, spots, necrosis. Size of leaves spots were recorded. Of\u000076 fungal isolated strains, 21 genera were identified, with Alternaria and Penicillium being the most frequent. The\u0000screening process led to the selection of Alternaria tenuissima (strain 739) as it showed a constant pathogenic\u0000ability along the screening sequence. Thus, it makes it a strong potential biological control agent for the invasive\u0000species R. lunaria in Lanzarote Island. This study also contributes to the knowledge on the fungal communities of\u0000R. lunaria. \"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122447506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Sopena, Natalia Sierra Cornejo, A. Cosoveanu, C. G. Rodriguez, R. Cabrera
"Fountain grass, Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Chiov. (syn. Pennisetum setaceum) is an invasive plant with high impact on insular environments such as the Canary Islands. Although there are no mentions on C. setaceus phytopathogens, plant communities with symptoms of withering, yellowing and decay have been found in Canary Islands. Our project aims to find autochthonous potential biological control agents for C. setaceus. Herein, we present a workflow in which we tested fast and cost-effective methods to screen a high number of fungal strains, aiming features like fast colonizers as well as competitive saprophytes and facultative pathogens with ability to cause infection. Affected plants were collected from the islands of Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma and Lanzarote and 243 fungal strains belonging to 38 genera were isolated. First screening was performed on adult plants with pooled multiple species strains – spores suspensions of 10 random strains per pool, each strain representing a genus or a morphotype (n = 83). No symptoms of disease were observed. Most isolated genera in this study were Alternaria and Fusarium, known as cosmopolite phytopathogens. Next screening methods were focused accordingly. Two in vitro single-strain screening methods were employed by using mycelium-inoculated sectioned and entire leaves, to observe the ability of tissue colonization. First screening on sectioned leaves was performed with high amount of inoculum, to increase the chances of colonization and to determine the ability of fungi to use the plant material as substrate. The method was not effective in significantly reducing the number of candidates as most strains had abundant growth. To detect differences in fungal strains acting as facultative pathogens or phytopathogens, the 2nd single-strain screening was performed on physiologically-stressed (pelargonic acid, a desiccant molecule to induce turgor loss) and not pre-treated leaves using less inoculum. Six strains were selected and subsequently evaluated in the last in vivo screening in the presence and absence of the desiccant. Finally, we detected strain 967 Fusarium clavum as able to colonize and reproduce at the crown of the young plants. In view of our experimental process, we propose a workflow for the cost-effective search for potential BCAs in similar situations."
{"title":"RAPID METHODS TO SELECT FACULTATIVE PATHOGENS ON INVADER Cenchrus setaceus","authors":"Jorge Sopena, Natalia Sierra Cornejo, A. Cosoveanu, C. G. Rodriguez, R. Cabrera","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.16","url":null,"abstract":"\"Fountain grass, Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Chiov. (syn. Pennisetum setaceum) is an invasive plant\u0000with high impact on insular environments such as the Canary Islands. Although there are no mentions on C.\u0000setaceus phytopathogens, plant communities with symptoms of withering, yellowing and decay have been found\u0000in Canary Islands. Our project aims to find autochthonous potential biological control agents for C. setaceus.\u0000Herein, we present a workflow in which we tested fast and cost-effective methods to screen a high number of\u0000fungal strains, aiming features like fast colonizers as well as competitive saprophytes and facultative pathogens\u0000with ability to cause infection. Affected plants were collected from the islands of Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La\u0000Gomera, La Palma and Lanzarote and 243 fungal strains belonging to 38 genera were isolated. First screening was\u0000performed on adult plants with pooled multiple species strains – spores suspensions of 10 random strains per pool,\u0000each strain representing a genus or a morphotype (n = 83). No symptoms of disease were observed. Most isolated\u0000genera in this study were Alternaria and Fusarium, known as cosmopolite phytopathogens. Next screening\u0000methods were focused accordingly. Two in vitro single-strain screening methods were employed by using\u0000mycelium-inoculated sectioned and entire leaves, to observe the ability of tissue colonization. First screening on\u0000sectioned leaves was performed with high amount of inoculum, to increase the chances of colonization and to\u0000determine the ability of fungi to use the plant material as substrate. The method was not effective in significantly\u0000reducing the number of candidates as most strains had abundant growth. To detect differences in fungal strains\u0000acting as facultative pathogens or phytopathogens, the 2nd single-strain screening was performed on\u0000physiologically-stressed (pelargonic acid, a desiccant molecule to induce turgor loss) and not pre-treated leaves\u0000using less inoculum. Six strains were selected and subsequently evaluated in the last in vivo screening in the\u0000presence and absence of the desiccant. Finally, we detected strain 967 Fusarium clavum as able to colonize and\u0000reproduce at the crown of the young plants. In view of our experimental process, we propose a workflow for the\u0000cost-effective search for potential BCAs in similar situations.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114279496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ciontu, Daniel Jalobă, M. Șerban, V. Petcu, M. Grădilă
"One of the most important sources of weed infestation in agricultural crops is related to manure applied as biological fertilizer, when livestock growers don`t process it and don`t store it in order to be weeds - free. In manure there are lot of weed seeds from animal fodder, livestock bedding and also from animal excrements. On the pasture, when grazing fresh food, animals eat also the inflorescences with weed seeds. Ones of these seeds could pass through the digestive tract of animals while keeping their ability to germinate. The aim of this study was to record the weed species that can cross over the digestive tract without losing their germination, to note which weed species are more adapted to do this, which animal species are able to perform the endozoochory process and under what environmental conditions. Trials were conducted under laboratory conditions. The content of excrements taken from four animals species (cattle, goats, sheep, horses), from four distinct South – East areas in period 2019-2020, were mixed with sterilized soil and put to germinate under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Following the assessments, weed seeds were found to be able to cross over the digestive tract of animals maintaining their germination. The highest frequency was in cattle and the lowest was in horses. There was at Pasărea where the largest number of weeds was found and animals grazed on untillaged land (hences, fallow lands). The dominant weed species were Setaria sp., Chenopodium sp., Amaranthus retroflexus and Polygonum aviculare."
{"title":"ENDOZOOCHORY - THE SOURCE OF WEDDING OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS","authors":"V. Ciontu, Daniel Jalobă, M. Șerban, V. Petcu, M. Grădilă","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.07","url":null,"abstract":"\"One of the most important sources of weed infestation in agricultural crops is related to manure\u0000applied as biological fertilizer, when livestock growers don`t process it and don`t store it in order to be weeds -\u0000free. In manure there are lot of weed seeds from animal fodder, livestock bedding and also from animal\u0000excrements. On the pasture, when grazing fresh food, animals eat also the inflorescences with weed seeds. Ones\u0000of these seeds could pass through the digestive tract of animals while keeping their ability to germinate. The aim\u0000of this study was to record the weed species that can cross over the digestive tract without losing their\u0000germination, to note which weed species are more adapted to do this, which animal species are able to perform\u0000the endozoochory process and under what environmental conditions. Trials were conducted under laboratory\u0000conditions. The content of excrements taken from four animals species (cattle, goats, sheep, horses), from four\u0000distinct South – East areas in period 2019-2020, were mixed with sterilized soil and put to germinate under\u0000controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Following the assessments, weed seeds were found to be able\u0000to cross over the digestive tract of animals maintaining their germination. The highest frequency was in cattle\u0000and the lowest was in horses. There was at Pasărea where the largest number of weeds was found and animals\u0000grazed on untillaged land (hences, fallow lands). The dominant weed species were Setaria sp., Chenopodium sp.,\u0000Amaranthus retroflexus and Polygonum aviculare.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133597243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fătu, Cristina-Maria Lumînare, Daniela Cojocaru, Mihaela Monica Dinu
"The entomopathogenic fungi play an important role in suppressing the natural population of insect pests. A number of these microorganisms are developed and commercialized as mycoinsecticides for controlling arthropod pests in agriculture and forestry. A wide range of factors and the interactions between them can affect the persistence and survival of entomopathogenic microorganisms; understanding of these factors is indispensable for the successful use of microbiological control agents, in conditions of economic and ecological efficiency. The influence of some of these factors on fungal development and fate in soil and on plants has been studied by a number of authors for several entomopathogenic hyphomycetes used in biological control programs. The aim of this study was to summarize a few aspects about the abiotic and biotic factors that influence the biological activity of entomopathogenic microorganisms. The following environmental factors are presented: light, temperature and humidity, soil, microorganisms, wind and precipitation. "
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENTOMOPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS WITH POTENTIAL AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS - minireview","authors":"A. Fătu, Cristina-Maria Lumînare, Daniela Cojocaru, Mihaela Monica Dinu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.15","url":null,"abstract":"\"The entomopathogenic fungi play an important role in suppressing the natural population of insect\u0000pests. A number of these microorganisms are developed and commercialized as mycoinsecticides for controlling\u0000arthropod pests in agriculture and forestry. A wide range of factors and the interactions between them can affect\u0000the persistence and survival of entomopathogenic microorganisms; understanding of these factors is\u0000indispensable for the successful use of microbiological control agents, in conditions of economic and ecological\u0000efficiency. The influence of some of these factors on fungal development and fate in soil and on plants has been\u0000studied by a number of authors for several entomopathogenic hyphomycetes used in biological control programs.\u0000The aim of this study was to summarize a few aspects about the abiotic and biotic factors that influence the\u0000biological activity of entomopathogenic microorganisms. The following environmental factors are presented:\u0000light, temperature and humidity, soil, microorganisms, wind and precipitation.\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131434998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The experiments took place in the village Hotarele (Giurgiu County) comprising a vineyard area of 1.5 ha, with the Muscat Ottonel variety. From batches treated with copper sulphate with a concentration of 1.5% before the fall of the leaves and 3% after the fall of the leaves, samples were taken and their evolution was constantly monitored before and after the cold season. The buds and wood viability at negative temperatures of -15, -18, -21°C and the content in reserve substances were analyzed. It was found that the vines treated with copper sulfate have a higher viability, therefore a better resistance to frost as well as biochemical characteristics - higher content of reserve substances, which support this resistance."
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF FROST RESISTANCE OF GRAPEVINE","authors":"M. Lixandru, S. Fendrihan","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.04","url":null,"abstract":"\"The experiments took place in the village Hotarele (Giurgiu County) comprising a vineyard area of\u00001.5 ha, with the Muscat Ottonel variety. From batches treated with copper sulphate with a concentration of 1.5%\u0000before the fall of the leaves and 3% after the fall of the leaves, samples were taken and their evolution was\u0000constantly monitored before and after the cold season. The buds and wood viability at negative temperatures of\u0000-15, -18, -21°C and the content in reserve substances were analyzed. It was found that the vines treated with\u0000copper sulfate have a higher viability, therefore a better resistance to frost as well as biochemical characteristics -\u0000higher content of reserve substances, which support this resistance.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131926960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tărău, C. Urdǎ, F. Mureșanu, F. Chețan, Vasile Oltean, Adrian Negrea, L. Suciu
"Soybean is an important economical crop used for human consumption, animal feed and industrial raw material. Also, soybean is succesfully used in crop roatations with the main cereal crops because it’s biological nitrogen-fixing capabilities. A great diversity of pests and diseases including nematodes, insects and phytopathogenic fungi are known to affect soybean crop. From plant emergence to grain maturity, pests Tetranychus urticae and Etiella zinckenella, pseudofungi Peronospora manshurica and fungi Fusarium sp. and Botrytis cinerea can cause economic damage. In this study was evaluated the influence of tillage systems, different types of fertilizers and pesticide treatments on the most economical important diseases and pests of soybean crop in a field experiment at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS Turda) in the climatic conditions of 2020. Teo TD, an early maturing soybean variety created at ARDS Turda, was used for the experiment. Based on the assessments made, soil tillage system, fertilization and control of pests and diseases have differently influenced the downy mildew and T. urticae attack. To reduce the attack of pathogens in soybean crop, the best technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and application of fungicides, either without or in combination with an insecticide. The T. urticae populations developed on mineral, organic and green fertilized plants. Integrated control methods must combine agro-technical measures with the application of chemical treatments in accordance with the warning of the appearance of the first adults. "
{"title":"PROTECTION OF THE SOYBEAN CROP AGROECOSYSTEM THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"A. Tărău, C. Urdǎ, F. Mureșanu, F. Chețan, Vasile Oltean, Adrian Negrea, L. Suciu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.13.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.11","url":null,"abstract":"\"Soybean is an important economical crop used for human consumption, animal feed and industrial raw\u0000material. Also, soybean is succesfully used in crop roatations with the main cereal crops because it’s biological\u0000nitrogen-fixing capabilities. A great diversity of pests and diseases including nematodes, insects and\u0000phytopathogenic fungi are known to affect soybean crop. From plant emergence to grain maturity, pests\u0000Tetranychus urticae and Etiella zinckenella, pseudofungi Peronospora manshurica and fungi Fusarium sp. and\u0000Botrytis cinerea can cause economic damage. In this study was evaluated the influence of tillage systems, different\u0000types of fertilizers and pesticide treatments on the most economical important diseases and pests of soybean crop\u0000in a field experiment at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS Turda) in the climatic conditions\u0000of 2020. Teo TD, an early maturing soybean variety created at ARDS Turda, was used for the experiment. Based\u0000on the assessments made, soil tillage system, fertilization and control of pests and diseases have differently\u0000influenced the downy mildew and T. urticae attack. To reduce the attack of pathogens in soybean crop, the best\u0000technological option is plowing, balanced fertilization and application of fungicides, either without or in\u0000combination with an insecticide. The T. urticae populations developed on mineral, organic and green fertilized\u0000plants. Integrated control methods must combine agro-technical measures with the application of chemical\u0000treatments in accordance with the warning of the appearance of the first adults.\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122816556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina-Maria Lumînare, D. Cojanu, Mihaela Monica Dinu, A. Fătu
"The effect of temperature on the mycelial growth of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) was evaluated in vitro on PDA growth medium, by measuring the diameter of the fungal colonies, at the following temperature values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C, over 14 days under constant conditions. The data obtained were used for the calculation of the growth rate (mm/day) using linear regression. The representation of the values corresponding to the minimum, optimal and maximum temperature of vegetative growth was made by a curve described by a mathematical function, a modified beta (ß) function. The lowest temperatures at which growth occurs are 7 and 10°C, the highest is 35.7°C; temperature at which the most growth occurs, as indicated by the measurements, was distributed over a range of temperatures from 22.9 to 31°C."
{"title":"IN VITRO THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF TWO ISOLATES OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE METCH.) SOROK. UNDER CONSTANT CONDITIONS","authors":"Cristina-Maria Lumînare, D. Cojanu, Mihaela Monica Dinu, A. Fătu","doi":"10.54574/rjpp.14.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.08","url":null,"abstract":"\"The effect of temperature on the mycelial growth of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.)\u0000Sorok. (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) was evaluated in vitro on PDA growth medium, by measuring the\u0000diameter of the fungal colonies, at the following temperature values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C, over 14\u0000days under constant conditions. The data obtained were used for the calculation of the growth rate (mm/day)\u0000using linear regression. The representation of the values corresponding to the minimum, optimal and maximum\u0000temperature of vegetative growth was made by a curve described by a mathematical function, a modified beta (ß)\u0000function. The lowest temperatures at which growth occurs are 7 and 10°C, the highest is 35.7°C; temperature at\u0000which the most growth occurs, as indicated by the measurements, was distributed over a range of temperatures\u0000from 22.9 to 31°C.\"","PeriodicalId":315564,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131454170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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