美国国税局为绑架和勒索而设:报告美国银行存款的利息是否削弱了政府避免外国犯罪团伙和贩毒集团煽动恐怖主义的义务?

Darren A. Prum, Chad G. Marzen
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摘要

美国国税局(Internal Revenue Service)最近推翻了长达90年的美国外交和税收政策,最终确定并编纂了报告非居民外国人在国内银行账户上赚取的利息收入的措施。虽然美国国税局认为收集数据和收入的必要性超过了对该提案的担忧,但该规则的变化在税收、商业、国际政策和法律以及打击跨国犯罪组织和恐怖主义的战争等领域产生了广泛的影响。这篇文章认为,规则的改变可能会导致美国境内的外国银行存款急剧减少,从而对脆弱的经济复苏造成严重破坏。可以预见,规则的改变还将导致犯罪团伙和贩毒集团以非居民外国人为目标和绑架,他们可能会获得财务信息,这些信息可能被用来针对个人进行绑架、勒索、勒索赎金,甚至很可能是酷刑。规则的改变非但无助于打击犯罪团伙和贩毒集团,反而会削弱这一作用,并可能使美国政府在国内法院面临《联邦侵权索赔法》(Federal Tort Claims Act)和《外国侵权索赔法》(Alien Tort Claims Act)的诉讼。此外,规则的改变削弱了美国反对酷刑的外交政策承诺,恶化了美国在打击恐怖主义和墨西哥毒品战争中打击贩毒集团的总体承诺,并普遍削弱了国际法。文章认为,出于经济、法律和道德等诸多原因,美国国税局改变规则是错误的政策选择。
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Set up for Abduction and Extortion by the IRS: Does the Reporting of Interest Paid on U.S. Bank Deposits Undermine the Government’s Obligation to Avoid Instigating Terrorism by Foreign Criminal Gangs and Drug Cartels?
The Internal Revenue Service recently overturned 90 years of United States foreign and tax policy by finalizing and codifying its efforts to report interest income earned at domestic banks for accounts held by nonresident aliens. While the IRS felt its need to collect the data and revenue outweighs concerns raised against the proposal, the rule change has broad ramifications in the areas of tax, commerce, international policy and law, and the war against transnational criminal organizations and terrorism. This article argues that the rule change has the potential to wreak havoc on a fragile economic recovery by leading to a steep loss of foreign bank deposits within the United States. The rule change will also foreseeably lead to the targeting and kidnapping of nonresident aliens by criminal gangs and drug cartels, who are likely to obtain financial information which could be utilized to target individuals for the purposes of kidnapping, extortion, ransom, and quite possibly, torture. Far from assisting the war on criminal gangs and drug cartels, the rule change will undermine it and likely subject the government of the United States to litigation in domestic courts through the Federal Tort Claims Act and Alien Tort Claims Act. Moreover, the rule change weakens the foreign policy commitment of the United States against torture, deteriorates the United States’ general commitment in the fight against terrorism and drug cartels in the Mexican drug war, and generally weakens international law. For many economic, legal, and moral reasons, the article contends IRS’ rule change is the wrong policy choice.
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