法律惩罚的哲学视野

Virginia Zaharia
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引用次数: 0

摘要

惩罚的概念是与人类自由和责任的概念有关的最困难的法律问题之一。自古以来,人类聪明的头脑就在思考惩罚的意义和这一制度的功能。每个时代对这一概念的分析都不同,其中一些在实际立法中有所体现。古代、现代和当代哲学家阐述了当代刑法最重要的原则。本文的研究领域是刑法刑罚哲学。在本研究中,我们运用了历史研究的方法来研究所提出的主题,这使我们有机会从历史的角度来分析刑事处罚的发展及其目标。在本文中,我们旨在确定法律惩罚的哲学基础,使对犯罪的人实施制裁合法化。我们确立了杰出思想家所发展的理论对当代刑罚报应概念和这一制度的法律规制的重要性。这个主题产生了一些讨论,这些讨论是在比较和辩论有影响力的哲学家关于刑事惩罚目的的观点的过程中形成的。因此,我们认为,对大思想家理论的分析为我们理解刑事刑罚现象的复杂性提供了可能性,并导致对罪犯更有效地应用国家约束。
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The Philosophical Vision of Legal Punishment
The concept of punishment represents one of the most difficult legal issues that are related to the concept of human freedom and responsibility. Since Antiquity, the brilliant minds of humanity contemplated about the sense of punishment and the function of this institution. Each epoch analyses this concept from different aspects and some of them are reflected in the actual legislation. The most important principles of contemporary criminal law were expounded by the Ancient, Modern and Contemporary philosophers. The field of research of this article is the philosophy of punishment of criminal law. In this study, we have applied the method of historical research of the proposed topic, which gives us the opportunity to analyze the development of criminal punishment and its goals from a historical perspective. In this paper, we aimed to determine the philosophical base of the legal punishment that legitimizes the application of sanctions to the person who committed the crime. We established the importance of the theories developed by brilliant thinkers for the contemporary concept of penal retribution and legal regulation of this institution. This theme generates several discussions that are formed in the process of comparison and debating of the ideas of influential philosophers regarding the purpose of criminal punishment. Therefore, we consider that the analysis of the theories of great thinkers gives us the possibility to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of criminal punishment, and leads to the more effective application of state constraint towards the offender.
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