油蝇,Helaeomyia petrolec .,一种无害和独特的双翅目动物

P. M. E. Ubulom, U. Ekong, I. A. Umohata, Chinecherem J. Obu
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摘要

Helaeomyia petroleia,原名Psilopa petrolea,是一种不为人所知的双翅目动物,可能是因为其分布范围有限。它是蝶科的一员。这种蝇属嗜极性昆虫,原产于美国,最早是在加州洛杉矶县拉布雷亚沥青坑的原油中发现的。Helaeomyia petroleia之所以独特,主要是因为它能够忍受不利的水生环境(原油油藏)。该物种的幼虫从石油池中摄取大量沥青,没有任何不良影响。它们的肠道中也有耐溶剂的微生物。虽然昆虫学家在100多年前就知道了这种稀有物种,但人们对它的关注并不多。仍有许多方面的利益有待解决。本综述的目的是整理关于这种不受欢迎的双翅虫的现有信息,并利用所获得的信息用于学术,制药和工业应用,并鼓励对这种稀有物种的进一步研究。本文所讨论的耐溶剂性对生物修复是有益的。因此,应该利用石油Helaeomyia和其他极端生物中耐溶剂微生物群落的潜在制药和工业应用来获得诺贝尔科学发现。
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The Oil fly, Helaeomyia petrolei C., an Innocuous and Unique Dipteran
Helaeomyia petrolei, formerly named Psilopa petrolei is an unfamiliar dipteran, probably because of its restricted distribution. It is a member of the family Ephydridae. This species of fly which is extremophilic in nature and is native to the United States of America was first discovered in the crude petroleum of La Brea Tar pits of Los Angeles County in California. Helaeomyia petrolei is unique primarily because of its ability to tolerate adverse aquatic habitats (crude petroleum pool). Larvae of this species ingest large quantities of asphalt from the petroleum pool, without any ill effects. They also accommodate in their gut microorganisms that are solvent tolerant. Though known to entomologists for well over 100 years ago, not much attention has been given to this rare species. There still remain many aspects of interest yet to be unraveled. The objective of this review was to collate available information about this unpopular dipteran and harness information obtained for academic, pharmaceutical and industrial applicability as well as encouraging further studies on this rare species. Solvent tolerance as discussed in this review is beneficial for bioremediation. The potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications of the solvent tolerant microbial community in Helaeomyia petrolei and other extremophilic species should therefore be harnessed for nobel scientific discoveries.
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