Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0251
G.O. Titus, G.N. Ani, M. Animashaun, Z.O. Abdulrahman-Giwa, A.O. Giwa
Medical insects pose significant health risks, transmitting disease causing agents with significant morbidity and mortality globally. Understanding their genetic composition and evolutionary relationship is crucial to developing control techniques to combat them. This study aims to compare the stop codon usage of gustatory, odorant and kinase genes, and assess their use as markers for evaluating the phylogenetic relationship between selected medical insects. Fifteen genes from three gene families including gustatory receptors, odorant receptors, and kinases were studied in thirty-four insect species. Gene and transcript sequences were retrieved from Ensembl Metazoa database. The stop codon usage was obtained by identifying the stop codon present at the end of the transcript sequences. Multiple sequence alignment of the gene sequences was performed and phylogenetic trees were computed. There were variations in the stop codon usage across the different insect species. The odorant receptor and kinase genes grouped the insects into two major clusters. The stop codon usage highlighted the variation within and among the species. The phylogenetic analysis results supported existing insect classification. These approaches could be considered for phylogenetic analyses of other arthropod groups. Accurate measurement of stop codon usage will be important for understanding natural selection, the genetic variation of coding sequences of genes, and useful in design of more efficient expression constructs in gene-editing techniques for vector control.
{"title":"Stop Codon Usage of Three Gene Families in Selected Medical Insects, and their Phylogenetic Relationships","authors":"G.O. Titus, G.N. Ani, M. Animashaun, Z.O. Abdulrahman-Giwa, A.O. Giwa","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0251","url":null,"abstract":"Medical insects pose significant health risks, transmitting disease causing agents with significant morbidity and mortality globally. Understanding their genetic composition and evolutionary relationship is crucial to developing control techniques to combat them. This study aims to compare the stop codon usage of gustatory, odorant and kinase genes, and assess their use as markers for evaluating the phylogenetic relationship between selected medical insects. Fifteen genes from three gene families including gustatory receptors, odorant receptors, and kinases were studied in thirty-four insect species. Gene and transcript sequences were retrieved from Ensembl Metazoa database. The stop codon usage was obtained by identifying the stop codon present at the end of the transcript sequences. Multiple sequence alignment of the gene sequences was performed and phylogenetic trees were computed. There were variations in the stop codon usage across the different insect species. The odorant receptor and kinase genes grouped the insects into two major clusters. The stop codon usage highlighted the variation within and among the species. The phylogenetic analysis results supported existing insect classification. These approaches could be considered for phylogenetic analyses of other arthropod groups. Accurate measurement of stop codon usage will be important for understanding natural selection, the genetic variation of coding sequences of genes, and useful in design of more efficient expression constructs in gene-editing techniques for vector control.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0230
K. O. K Popoola, A. Sowunmi, S.K. Ganiyu, L. Ossai
The availability and quality of water system in 21st century plays a vital role in the growth and survival of all living organisms. Eleyele Lake is a general-purpose water body which supplies water to various communities in Ibadan metropolis. This research aimed to investigate the quality of the water using physico-chemical parameters and their influence on the diversity, abundance and distribution of aquatic macro-invertebrates of the lake. Monthly, sample of water and macro-invertebrates from April to September, 2021 at eight sampling points were done, using standard APHA and Winkler’s methods. Macro-invertebrates collected were identified using standard identification guides. Relationship between physico-chemical parameters and aquatic macro-invertebrates was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Species diversity, taxa richness, evenness and similarity were determined using Simpson, Shannon-Weiner, Margalef, Evennes and Equitablity. A total number of 670 macro-invertebrates belonging to 7 orders namely, Hemiptera (47%), Odonata (20%), Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Trombidiformes and Hygrophila were collected and identified during the study period. Positive correlations occurs between BOD, EC, TDS, Nitrate and Phosphate and Chironomus sp. Also, pH was positively correlated with Lestes sp. and Aeshna sp. while DO have negative correlation with Lethocerus sp., Physa sp. and Lymnaea sp. The physico-chemical parameters and the diversity indices of macro-invertebrates encountered indicated that the lake was moderately polluted and tends toward degradation as a result of indiscriminate discharge of domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents into the Lake. Therefore, proper management of the lake is required to prevent further deterioration.
{"title":"Aquatic Macro-Invertebrate Diversity and Abundance in Eleyele Lake, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"K. O. K Popoola, A. Sowunmi, S.K. Ganiyu, L. Ossai","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0230","url":null,"abstract":"The availability and quality of water system in 21st century plays a vital role in the growth and survival of all living organisms. Eleyele Lake is a general-purpose water body which supplies water to various communities in Ibadan metropolis. This research aimed to investigate the quality of the water using physico-chemical parameters and their influence on the diversity, abundance and distribution of aquatic macro-invertebrates of the lake. Monthly, sample of water and macro-invertebrates from April to September, 2021 at eight sampling points were done, using standard APHA and Winkler’s methods. Macro-invertebrates collected were identified using standard identification guides. Relationship between physico-chemical parameters and aquatic macro-invertebrates was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r). Species diversity, taxa richness, evenness and similarity were determined using Simpson, Shannon-Weiner, Margalef, Evennes and Equitablity. A total number of 670 macro-invertebrates belonging to 7 orders namely, Hemiptera (47%), Odonata (20%), Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Trombidiformes and Hygrophila were collected and identified during the study period. Positive correlations occurs between BOD, EC, TDS, Nitrate and Phosphate and Chironomus sp. Also, pH was positively correlated with Lestes sp. and Aeshna sp. while DO have negative correlation with Lethocerus sp., Physa sp. and Lymnaea sp. The physico-chemical parameters and the diversity indices of macro-invertebrates encountered indicated that the lake was moderately polluted and tends toward degradation as a result of indiscriminate discharge of domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents into the Lake. Therefore, proper management of the lake is required to prevent further deterioration.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0261
D. Dunuwel, A. M. Malgwi, M. A. Medugu, M. M. Degri
Two-location field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola and at the School Farm Government Girls Secondary School Kaltungo, Gombe state, in 2022 cropping season. The study was carried out to determine the population dynamics of Dysdercus volkeri at different stages of cotton development in North-Eastern Nigeria. The experiments were laid-out using randomize complete block design (RCBD) and the treatments consisting of five cotton varieties (SAMCOT 8, SAMCOT 9, SAMCOT 10, SAMCOT 11, SAMCOT 12) were replicated four (4) times. The week that had the highest population of D. volkeri in a combined analysis was 18 Weeks After Sowing (WAS), 66.30 in Yola and 16WAS, 20.70 in Kaltungo, per 10 cotton plants. The least population of the insect in both locations was obtained on 12WAS with 27.70 in Yola and 12WAS with 2.83 in Kaltungo, per 10 cotton plants. SAMCOT 10 had the highest population of the insect in both location with 54.71 and 32.70 (per 10 cotton plants) with the least on SAMCOT 11 and 12 with a population of 37.17 and 7.57 (per 10 cotton plants). Boll maturation stage supported the highest population of D. volkeri at Yola and Kaltungo with 89.23, the least at the beginning of boll formation 48.34 in both locations
{"title":"Population Dynamics of Dysdercus volkeri F. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) at Different Stages of Cotton Development in Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"D. Dunuwel, A. M. Malgwi, M. A. Medugu, M. M. Degri","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0261","url":null,"abstract":"Two-location field trials were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola and at the School Farm Government Girls Secondary School Kaltungo, Gombe state, in 2022 cropping season. The study was carried out to determine the population dynamics of Dysdercus volkeri at different stages of cotton development in North-Eastern Nigeria. The experiments were laid-out using randomize complete block design (RCBD) and the treatments consisting of five cotton varieties (SAMCOT 8, SAMCOT 9, SAMCOT 10, SAMCOT 11, SAMCOT 12) were replicated four (4) times. The week that had the highest population of D. volkeri in a combined analysis was 18 Weeks After Sowing (WAS), 66.30 in Yola and 16WAS, 20.70 in Kaltungo, per 10 cotton plants. The least population of the insect in both locations was obtained on 12WAS with 27.70 in Yola and 12WAS with 2.83 in Kaltungo, per 10 cotton plants. SAMCOT 10 had the highest population of the insect in both location with 54.71 and 32.70 (per 10 cotton plants) with the least on SAMCOT 11 and 12 with a population of 37.17 and 7.57 (per 10 cotton plants). Boll maturation stage supported the highest population of D. volkeri at Yola and Kaltungo with 89.23, the least at the beginning of boll formation 48.34 in both locations","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"121 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0291
P. O. Ukatu, I. A. Udo, F. Nwagwu, E. Ogban, S.B.A. Umoetok
The Research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Jatropha curcas (L.) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) for the management of Aphis craccivora (Koch) infesting cowpea. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The result indicated that, of the plant oils, 2 and 3 % concentrations of J. curcas and A. indica oil gave the highest reduction in A. craccivora population and the number of leaf curls per plant. Also, significantly (P≤0.05) longer vines, a higher number of pods and a higher of 100 seeds weight were obtained from cowpea plants with the application of J. curcas and A. indica respectively, compared with their respective control. The result also indicated that the application of 1, 2 and 3 % concentrations of A. indica oil led to an average of 8.42, 39.63, and 64.31 per cent increase in the total grain yield, respectively when compared with the control, while 1, 2 and 3 % concentrations of J. curcas oil resulted in 25.39, 47.27 and 69.66 % increases in the cowpea total grain yield, respectively when compared with the control. The application of Lambda-cyhalothrin led to a 69.74 per cent increase in grain yield. Jatropha curcas oil resulted in a higher grain yield than A. indica oil and compared favourably with that of Lambda-cyhalothrin. The results suggest that both oil extracts can be used by cowpea farmers for effective management of A. craccivora infesting cowpea.
本研究旨在评估麻疯树（L.）和 Azadirachta indica（A. Juss）对豇豆蚜虫（Koch）的防治效果。实验采用随机完全区组设计。结果表明，在各种植物油中，浓度为 2% 和 3% 的 J. curcas 和 A. indica 油能最大程度地减少蚜虫数量和单株卷叶数量。此外，与各自的对照组相比，施用 J. curcas 和 A. indica 油的豇豆植株的藤蔓明显更长（P≤0.05），豆荚数量更多，百粒种子重量更高。结果还表明，与对照组相比，施用 1%、2% 和 3% 浓度的 A. indica 油可使谷物总产量分别平均增加 8.42%、39.63% 和 64.31%，而施用 1%、2% 和 3% 浓度的 J. curcas 油可使豇豆谷物总产量分别增加 25.39%、47.27% 和 69.66%。施用兰达-氯氰菊酯可使谷物产量增加 69.74%。麻疯树油的谷物产量比籼稻油高，与兰姆达-氯氰菊酯相比也更高。结果表明，豇豆种植者可以使用这两种油提取物来有效防治豇豆上的 A. craccivora。
{"title":"Field Evaluation of the Efficacy of some Plant Oils for the Management of Aphis craccivora (Koch)","authors":"P. O. Ukatu, I. A. Udo, F. Nwagwu, E. Ogban, S.B.A. Umoetok","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0291","url":null,"abstract":"The Research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Jatropha curcas (L.) and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) for the management of Aphis craccivora (Koch) infesting cowpea. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The result indicated that, of the plant oils, 2 and 3 % concentrations of J. curcas and A. indica oil gave the highest reduction in A. craccivora population and the number of leaf curls per plant. Also, significantly (P≤0.05) longer vines, a higher number of pods and a higher of 100 seeds weight were obtained from cowpea plants with the application of J. curcas and A. indica respectively, compared with their respective control. The result also indicated that the application of 1, 2 and 3 % concentrations of A. indica oil led to an average of 8.42, 39.63, and 64.31 per cent increase in the total grain yield, respectively when compared with the control, while 1, 2 and 3 % concentrations of J. curcas oil resulted in 25.39, 47.27 and 69.66 % increases in the cowpea total grain yield, respectively when compared with the control. The application of Lambda-cyhalothrin led to a 69.74 per cent increase in grain yield. Jatropha curcas oil resulted in a higher grain yield than A. indica oil and compared favourably with that of Lambda-cyhalothrin. The results suggest that both oil extracts can be used by cowpea farmers for effective management of A. craccivora infesting cowpea.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"75 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0221
C. G. Liatu, S. D. Titus, Emmanuel Allahnanan, Saveni O. Yusuf, Kute Annah, Delphine L. David, Obadiah S. Yusuf
This survey of beetles abundance and diversity was conducted at the Nigerian Montane Forest Project, Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve (NMFP). The study aimed to assess the abundance and diversity of beetles at the Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve located at Latitude 7°05′ N and Longitude 11°04′ E. It was carried out for one month from September to October 2021. Stratified sampling method was used to divide the study location into two major habitats; forest fragment and grassland and subsequently plots. A total of 200m line transect was established each on the selected habitat types. Pitfall traps were placed at 50m intervals along a 200m transect for the selected habitats. Hand-pick was adopted for beetle collection along the line transects. Sample collections were carried out in the morning and in the evening between the hours of 6 am and 8pm respectively. A total of 233 beetles were collected consisting of 24 species. The highest species diversity was recorded in the grassland (H’= 2.65). The relative Abundance is 0.69 and 0.3 from the 2 habitats. The Abundance of beetles in the forest reserve contributes to the ecosystem of the forest.
{"title":"Assessment of Beetles Diversity and Abundance in Forest Edge and Grassland Ecosystems of Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve","authors":"C. G. Liatu, S. D. Titus, Emmanuel Allahnanan, Saveni O. Yusuf, Kute Annah, Delphine L. David, Obadiah S. Yusuf","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0221","url":null,"abstract":"This survey of beetles abundance and diversity was conducted at the Nigerian Montane Forest Project, Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve (NMFP). The study aimed to assess the abundance and diversity of beetles at the Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve located at Latitude 7°05′ N and Longitude 11°04′ E. It was carried out for one month from September to October 2021. Stratified sampling method was used to divide the study location into two major habitats; forest fragment and grassland and subsequently plots. A total of 200m line transect was established each on the selected habitat types. Pitfall traps were placed at 50m intervals along a 200m transect for the selected habitats. Hand-pick was adopted for beetle collection along the line transects. Sample collections were carried out in the morning and in the evening between the hours of 6 am and 8pm respectively. A total of 233 beetles were collected consisting of 24 species. The highest species diversity was recorded in the grassland (H’= 2.65). The relative Abundance is 0.69 and 0.3 from the 2 habitats. The Abundance of beetles in the forest reserve contributes to the ecosystem of the forest.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0260
F. A. Gbolahan, A. Omoloye
Insect pests are important biotic organisms that cause significant damage to food crops. In a bid to prevent deterioration, farmers processed them into dried chips and thereafter consumed or stored. Coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus is a major insect pest causing severe economic losses during storage in Nigeria. The study investigated the qualitative and quantitative damage of selected dried chips due to attack of A. fasciculatus. Quantitative weight loss of cassava, potato, water yam, white yam and plantain was assessed by placing two sets of 200g sample of each dried chips materials in 2 litres capacity Kilner jars, covered with muslin cloth for aeration and to stop other pests from infesting them. In the first set, twenty-day old adult A. fasciculatus were introduced into the Kilner jars and the sets up arranged in the laboratory using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), at temperature of 27±3oC, 65±5% relative humidity and 12 hours photophase. The second sets up were left uninfested to serve as control. The experiment was replicated four times. The set up were reweighed at 30, 60 and 90 days after infestation to determine the weight loss in percentage. Qualitative loss was evaluated through proximate and mineral analyses. The frass amount generated by the A. fasciculatus was measured after 90 days of infestation. Plantain and cassava experienced highest percentage damage as well as highest amount of frass production due to preference, texture and their composition. Proximate and mineral analyses of the dried chips after 90 days of infestation showed significant reduction in the content of ash, crude fibre, dry matter, calcium, potassium, iron, phosphorus and increase in fat, crude protein and moisture content compared to initial contents. Araecerus fasciculatus caused significant damage to dried chips due to continuous feeding on them and also showed highest preference for plantain and cassava while the least preference was on sweet potato.
{"title":"Assessment of Qualitative and Quantitative Damage by Coffee Bean Weevil (Araecerus fasciculatus) on Selected Dried Chips","authors":"F. A. Gbolahan, A. Omoloye","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0260","url":null,"abstract":"Insect pests are important biotic organisms that cause significant damage to food crops. In a bid to prevent deterioration, farmers processed them into dried chips and thereafter consumed or stored. Coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus is a major insect pest causing severe economic losses during storage in Nigeria. The study investigated the qualitative and quantitative damage of selected dried chips due to attack of A. fasciculatus. Quantitative weight loss of cassava, potato, water yam, white yam and plantain was assessed by placing two sets of 200g sample of each dried chips materials in 2 litres capacity Kilner jars, covered with muslin cloth for aeration and to stop other pests from infesting them. In the first set, twenty-day old adult A. fasciculatus were introduced into the Kilner jars and the sets up arranged in the laboratory using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), at temperature of 27±3oC, 65±5% relative humidity and 12 hours photophase. The second sets up were left uninfested to serve as control. The experiment was replicated four times. The set up were reweighed at 30, 60 and 90 days after infestation to determine the weight loss in percentage. Qualitative loss was evaluated through proximate and mineral analyses. The frass amount generated by the A. fasciculatus was measured after 90 days of infestation. Plantain and cassava experienced highest percentage damage as well as highest amount of frass production due to preference, texture and their composition. Proximate and mineral analyses of the dried chips after 90 days of infestation showed significant reduction in the content of ash, crude fibre, dry matter, calcium, potassium, iron, phosphorus and increase in fat, crude protein and moisture content compared to initial contents. Araecerus fasciculatus caused significant damage to dried chips due to continuous feeding on them and also showed highest preference for plantain and cassava while the least preference was on sweet potato.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"120 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0211
N.A. Oyinloye, S. Sam-Wobo, O.A. Oke, O. Pitan, O. A. Surakat, N. Adekunle, K.A. Awoyale
The sibling species composition of Simulium damnosum sensulato and abundance of these sibling species in two communities (Opeji and Imala-Odo) of Ogun State south-western Nigeria was carried out in the wet months (May to October). Morphological identification of black flies using standard protocol was done from 07:00hr-18:00hr twice every two weeks. Climatic data like temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were documented for each month. A total of 1543 flies were dissected, 1228(79.6%) in Opeji and 315(20.4%) in Imala-Odo with a statistical significance (p<0.05). The result revealed an allopatric existence of forest dwelling flies. All the flies identified had dark fore coxa but there was variation in the colours of their wing tuft where wing tuft grade 05 was predominant and no fly had wing tuft grade 01 and there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the wing tuft colours observed among the flies. In Opeji, 477(38.8%) flies were parous while 155(49.2%) parous flies were recorded in Imala-Odo. However, no black fly was infected with the larva of Onchocerca volvulus. Relative diurnal distribution of flies caught revealed a bimodal peak between 10:00-11:00hr and 15:00-16:00hr in both communities. Monthly data on abundance also revealed a bimodal peak in the study sites in June and September with a significant difference (p<0.05) in the abundance across the months. Highest biting rate was recorded in June (Opeji=4492.5; Imala-Odo=780) while August recorded the lowest monthly biting rates (Opeji=284; Imala-Odo=62). The relationship between flies abundance and climatic data showed no significant relationship in both communities (p>0.05). This study revealed that there is high abundance of forest black flies during wet season which have epidemiological implication on humans living in these areas and efforts should be made towards constant monitoring of the siblings species
{"title":"Morphotaxonomic Studies and Abundance of Simulium damnosumTheobald (Diptera: Simuliidae) Complex in Two Local Government Areas of Ogun State","authors":"N.A. Oyinloye, S. Sam-Wobo, O.A. Oke, O. Pitan, O. A. Surakat, N. Adekunle, K.A. Awoyale","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0211","url":null,"abstract":"The sibling species composition of Simulium damnosum sensulato and abundance of these sibling species in two communities (Opeji and Imala-Odo) of Ogun State south-western Nigeria was carried out in the wet months (May to October). Morphological identification of black flies using standard protocol was done from 07:00hr-18:00hr twice every two weeks. Climatic data like temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were documented for each month. A total of 1543 flies were dissected, 1228(79.6%) in Opeji and 315(20.4%) in Imala-Odo with a statistical significance (p<0.05). The result revealed an allopatric existence of forest dwelling flies. All the flies identified had dark fore coxa but there was variation in the colours of their wing tuft where wing tuft grade 05 was predominant and no fly had wing tuft grade 01 and there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the wing tuft colours observed among the flies. In Opeji, 477(38.8%) flies were parous while 155(49.2%) parous flies were recorded in Imala-Odo. However, no black fly was infected with the larva of Onchocerca volvulus. Relative diurnal distribution of flies caught revealed a bimodal peak between 10:00-11:00hr and 15:00-16:00hr in both communities. Monthly data on abundance also revealed a bimodal peak in the study sites in June and September with a significant difference (p<0.05) in the abundance across the months. Highest biting rate was recorded in June (Opeji=4492.5; Imala-Odo=780) while August recorded the lowest monthly biting rates (Opeji=284; Imala-Odo=62). The relationship between flies abundance and climatic data showed no significant relationship in both communities (p>0.05). This study revealed that there is high abundance of forest black flies during wet season which have epidemiological implication on humans living in these areas and efforts should be made towards constant monitoring of the siblings species","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"68 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0290
S.F. Babatunde, L. I. Gambari
This study aims to give fundamental details regarding the diversity and abundance of insects associated with two accessions of Golden melon (Cucumis melo L). There were 1,058 (1,058) different specimens gathered. These insects belong to 7 different Orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera) and 22 different (Acrididae, Alydidae, Apidae, Braconidae, Calliphoridae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Erotylidae, Formicdae, Gryllidae, Mantidae, Muscidae, Pentatomidae, Pieridae, Reduviidae, Sacrophidae, Scarabaiedae, Scutelleridae, Tachinidae, Tenebrionidae, Tettigonidae and Vespidae). Majority of the insect predators belong to the Formicidae family. Golden melon beds were sampled for insects every 10 weeks from the second week after sowing. Every week, sampling was carried out between 7:00 and 9:00 in the morning using a sweep net, a pitfall, and handpicking. As a result, this knowledge will aid in understanding the various insect pests that affect golden melon (Cucumis melo) systems
{"title":"Diversity and abundance of insects associated with two accessions of golden melon (Cucumis melo L.)","authors":"S.F. Babatunde, L. I. Gambari","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0290","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to give fundamental details regarding the diversity and abundance of insects associated with two accessions of Golden melon (Cucumis melo L). There were 1,058 (1,058) different specimens gathered. These insects belong to 7 different Orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Dictyoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera) and 22 different (Acrididae, Alydidae, Apidae, Braconidae, Calliphoridae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Erotylidae, Formicdae, Gryllidae, Mantidae, Muscidae, Pentatomidae, Pieridae, Reduviidae, Sacrophidae, Scarabaiedae, Scutelleridae, Tachinidae, Tenebrionidae, Tettigonidae and Vespidae). Majority of the insect predators belong to the Formicidae family. Golden melon beds were sampled for insects every 10 weeks from the second week after sowing. Every week, sampling was carried out between 7:00 and 9:00 in the morning using a sweep net, a pitfall, and handpicking. As a result, this knowledge will aid in understanding the various insect pests that affect golden melon (Cucumis melo) systems","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0231
O. R. Ogolo, R. P. Uzakah, U. Zakka
Population dynamics and integrated pest management investigations of the fall armyworm (FAW) on maize conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Teaching and Research farm, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria, made notable findings for the effective management of this notorious pest. This study involved 3 maize varieties namely Bende White (a local white variety), Oka (a local yellow maize) and Oba Super 98 (an improved white variety); two cropping patterns i.e. sole maize, and maize-yam intercrop; pheromonal trapping and pesticide (Kartodim 315EC). Pesticide applications were at 3 different phases (2WAP, 4WAP, and zero application as control, respectively). The pheromonal trap catches aided tracking of the pest’s population dynamics over the study duration showing the arrival times, build-up, peaks and falls. There was no significant difference in FAW populations between sole and intercrop plots; although 3 population peaks were found in maize-yam intercrop (at day 5, 7 and 17) against 2 peaks (day 4 and 15) in the sole maize. Oka variety showed significantly higher mean maize ear damages from FAW attacks (6.36 ± 2.45), compared to Bende (5.71 ± 2.87) and Oba 98 (4.77 ± 2.64) (p < 0.05), implying that Oba 98 may be the best maize variety for cultivation in this locality.
在尼日利亚里弗斯州哈科特港大学农学院教学和研究农场进行的玉米上秋季军虫（FAW）的种群动态和害虫综合防治调查，为有效防治这种臭名昭著的害虫提供了重要发现。这项研究涉及 3 个玉米品种，即 Bende White（当地的白色玉米品种）、Oka（当地的黄色玉米品种）和 Oba Super 98（改良的白色玉米品种）；两种种植模式，即单种玉米和玉米-山药间作；信息素诱捕和杀虫剂（Kartodim 315EC）。农药施用分为三个不同阶段（分别为 2WAP、4WAP 和作为对照的零施用）。信息素诱捕器的捕获量有助于跟踪研究期间害虫的种群动态，显示害虫的到达时间、增长、高峰和下降。单作地和间作地的 FAW 种群数量没有明显差异；但玉米-山药间作地出现了 3 个种群高峰（第 5 天、第 7 天和第 17 天），而单作地出现了 2 个高峰（第 4 天和第 15 天）。与 Bende（5.71±2.87）和 Oba 98（4.77±2.64）相比，Oka 品种因虫害造成的玉米穗平均损失（6.36±2.45）明显更高（p < 0.05），这意味着 Oba 98 可能是最适合该地区种植的玉米品种。
{"title":"Population Dynamics and Integrated Pest Management of the Fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"O. R. Ogolo, R. P. Uzakah, U. Zakka","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0231","url":null,"abstract":"Population dynamics and integrated pest management investigations of the fall armyworm (FAW) on maize conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Teaching and Research farm, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria, made notable findings for the effective management of this notorious pest. This study involved 3 maize varieties namely Bende White (a local white variety), Oka (a local yellow maize) and Oba Super 98 (an improved white variety); two cropping patterns i.e. sole maize, and maize-yam intercrop; pheromonal trapping and pesticide (Kartodim 315EC). Pesticide applications were at 3 different phases (2WAP, 4WAP, and zero application as control, respectively). The pheromonal trap catches aided tracking of the pest’s population dynamics over the study duration showing the arrival times, build-up, peaks and falls. There was no significant difference in FAW populations between sole and intercrop plots; although 3 population peaks were found in maize-yam intercrop (at day 5, 7 and 17) against 2 peaks (day 4 and 15) in the sole maize. Oka variety showed significantly higher mean maize ear damages from FAW attacks (6.36 ± 2.45), compared to Bende (5.71 ± 2.87) and Oba 98 (4.77 ± 2.64) (p < 0.05), implying that Oba 98 may be the best maize variety for cultivation in this locality.","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"118 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.36108/nje/4202/04.0240
C. O. Filani, A. O. Adeoti, O. Pitan, M. O. Sholanke, B. A. Yekini
Pest infestation is a major challenge in production of golden melon, this study evaluated the performance of Beauvaria bassiana, a non-residual bio-pesticide, for effectiveness against insect pests of golden melon. The field experiment was carried out in 2022 to establish the effect of B. bassiana sprayed at different growth stages on the abundance of insect pests, damage, agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of golden melon. The results showed Aulacophora spp., Aphis gossypii, Epilachna chrysomelina, Bemisia tabaci Coridius viduatus and Zonocerus variegatus as the insect pests attacking golden melon in the study area. However, the population densities of Aulacophora spp. and E. chrysomelina were significantly lower in golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all compared to other spray treatments and the control. Percentage leaf damage and yield loss (20.81% and 327.70 g) in golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all stages were similar to lambda-cyhalothrin-sprayed plot (13.68 % and 318. 70 g). Also, highest percent leaf damage and yield losses (81.54 % and 1395.70 %) were obtained in the control plots relative to other spray treatments. Number of leaves and percentage increase in vine length were significantly higher in the golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all stages. There was 215.80 % increase in yield of golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all stages over the control in the study. Also, the nutritional composition of the fruits from the untreated plots was similar to that of the treated plots
虫害是金瓜生产中的一大挑战，本研究评估了一种非残留生物农药--Beauvaria bassiana对金瓜虫害的防治效果。2022 年进行了田间试验，以确定在不同生长阶段喷施 B. bassiana 对金瓜害虫数量、危害、农艺特征和果实质量的影响。研究结果表明，在研究地区，金瓜的害虫主要有 Aulacophora spp.、Aphis gossypii、Epilachna chrysomelina、Bemisia tabaci Coridius viduatus 和 Zonocerus variegatus。然而，与其他喷洒处理和对照相比，喷洒 B. bassiana 的金瓜中 Aulacophora spp.和 E. chrysomelina 的种群密度都明显较低。各阶段喷施巴氏杀螨剂的金瓜的叶片损伤率和产量损失（20.81% 和 327.70 克）与喷施溴氰菊酯的地块（13.68% 和 318.70 克）相似。此外，与其他喷洒处理相比，对照地块的叶片损伤率和产量损失率最高（分别为 81.54 % 和 1395.70 %）。在所有阶段，喷施 B. bassiana 的金瓜的叶片数和藤蔓长度增加百分比都明显较高。在研究中，各阶段喷施 B. bassiana 的金瓜产量均比对照增产 215.80%。此外，未处理地块的果实营养成分与处理地块相似。
{"title":"Assessment of major insect pests of golden melon (Cucumis melo L.) and control with commercial Beauvaria bassiana in Abeokuta Southwestern, Nigeria","authors":"C. O. Filani, A. O. Adeoti, O. Pitan, M. O. Sholanke, B. A. Yekini","doi":"10.36108/nje/4202/04.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/nje/4202/04.0240","url":null,"abstract":"Pest infestation is a major challenge in production of golden melon, this study evaluated the performance of Beauvaria bassiana, a non-residual bio-pesticide, for effectiveness against insect pests of golden melon. The field experiment was carried out in 2022 to establish the effect of B. bassiana sprayed at different growth stages on the abundance of insect pests, damage, agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of golden melon. The results showed Aulacophora spp., Aphis gossypii, Epilachna chrysomelina, Bemisia tabaci Coridius viduatus and Zonocerus variegatus as the insect pests attacking golden melon in the study area. However, the population densities of Aulacophora spp. and E. chrysomelina were significantly lower in golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all compared to other spray treatments and the control. Percentage leaf damage and yield loss (20.81% and 327.70 g) in golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all stages were similar to lambda-cyhalothrin-sprayed plot (13.68 % and 318. 70 g). Also, highest percent leaf damage and yield losses (81.54 % and 1395.70 %) were obtained in the control plots relative to other spray treatments. Number of leaves and percentage increase in vine length were significantly higher in the golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all stages. There was 215.80 % increase in yield of golden melon sprayed with B. bassiana at all stages over the control in the study. Also, the nutritional composition of the fruits from the untreated plots was similar to that of the treated plots","PeriodicalId":183712,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Entomology","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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