改革德国煤炭工业的过程

Natalia Lubenska, Rolf Petry, Viкtor M. Yermakov, O. Diatel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

从二战后的经济崩溃,逐步重建,到上世纪60年代的能源危机,再到2018年放弃补贴矿山,停止煤炭生产,到彻底转型为德国的创新中心,德国走过了漫长的道路。德国采矿业的结构性变化是指德国采矿业从单纯生产煤炭和矿石向更加多样化的经济结构转变。采矿业的结构变化是摆脱化石燃料和增加对可再生能源和清洁能源生产的需求的结果。地雷的关闭产生了重大的社会和经济影响,特别是对鲁尔和萨尔地区。许多矿工失去了工作,工厂的关闭也影响了分包行业和该地区的经济。然而,结构性变化还包括帮助受影响工人和地区的措施,包括再培训和提高技能项目,以及基础设施投资和增加可再生能源的使用。煤矿的关闭标志着德国重组的重要一步,也是德国向可再生能源和清洁能源生产过渡的总体计划的一部分。煤矿的关闭分几个阶段进行,这是德国逐步淘汰硬煤开采的全面概念的一部分。总的来说,关闭德国煤矿是一个漫长而痛苦的过程,造成了许多问题。同时,这是德国结构变革过程中必要的一步,对减少二氧化碳排放和保护气候做出了重要贡献。解决这些问题的办法是建立特殊的计划和项目,帮助前矿工找到新的工作,并支持他们过渡到新的就业机会。在胜利之后,我们必须重建乌克兰,国际伙伴获得的经验必须对恢复整个乌克兰被摧毁或损坏的基础设施和领土有益。这就是为什么,尽管乌克兰处于非常困难的时期,但今天就有必要考虑未来。
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THE PROCESS OF REFORMING THE GERMAN COAL INDUSTRY
Germany has come a long way, from the collapse of the economy after the Second World War, the gradual reconstruction, the energy crisis in the 60s of the last century, the abandonment of subsidized mines and the cessation of coal production in 2018 to the complete transformation into the innovation hub of Germany.Structural changes in the German mining industry refers to the change of the German mining industry from the production of coal and ore to a more diverse economic structure. The structural changes in the mining industry are the result of moving away from fossil fuels and increasing demand for renewable energy sources and clean energy production.The closure of the mines had a significant social and economic impact, especially on the Ruhr and Saar regions. Many miners lost their jobs, and the closure also affected the subcontracting industry and the region’s economy. However, structural changes have also included measures to help affected workers and regions, including retraining and upskilling programs, as well as infrastructure investment and increased use of renewable energy sources.The closure of the mines marked an important step in Germany’s restructuring and was part of Germany’s overall plan to transition to renewable energy and clean energy production. The closure of the mines took place in several stages, which were part of a comprehensive concept of phasing out hard coal mining in Germany.Overall, the closure of the German mines was a long and painful process that caused many problems. At the same time, it was a necessary step in the process of structural changes in Germany and an important contribution to the reduction of CO2 emissions and climate protection. These problems were solved by creating special programs and projects that helped former miners find new jobs and supported their transition to new employment opportunities.After the victory, we must rebuild Ukraine, and the acquired experience of international partners must be useful for the restoration of the destroyed or damaged infrastructure and territories of Ukraine as a whole. That is why, despite very difficult times for Ukraine, it is necessary to think about the future already today.
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