日热应激对奶牛犊牛的影响

B. Goetz, J. Wickramasinghe, M. Oconitrillo, M. A. Abeyta, N. Stepanchenko, R. Appuhamy
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摘要

本研究的目的是研究奶牛犊牛在相对于营养摄入的生长方面对热应激的反应。9头荷斯坦小母牛和2头泽西小母牛(n = 11)被单独饲养,并参加了一项包括3个试验期(P)的研究。第1期持续7 d,在此期间获得基线测量值。在第2阶段(7 d),犊牛接受昼夜热应激(dHS),从早上9点到2100点,将牲口棚温度保持在33°C(92°F),并在夜间与室外温度[24°C(75°F)]保持平衡。dHS后立即随访4 d (P3)。犊牛在白天消耗的饲料减少了25%,但在夜间消耗的饲料增加了35%。尽管增重期DMI (kg/d)与基线相似,但增重期ADG和饲料效率显著下降。这些影响可能是营养物质重新分配到激活的免疫系统而远离生产过程(即生长)的结果,因为在dHS期间血液中接触珠蛋白增加了3倍。尽管如此,犊牛在dHS后立即表现出代偿性生长,同时增加了DMI和单位DMI的饮用水。总体而言,尽管相对于基线DMI没有改变,但dHS严重阻碍了奶牛犊牛的生长和饲料效率。了解小牛在热应激期间和之后的营养分配有助于减轻不利影响,帮助小牛有效地从热应激中恢复过来。
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The effects of diurnal heat stress in dairy heifer calves
The present study was conducted to examine how dairy heifer calves would respond to a heat stress bout in terms of growth relative to nutrient intake. Nine Holstein and 2 Jersey heifer calves (n = 11) were individually housed and enrolled in a study containing 3 experimental periods (P). Period 1 lasted 7 d during which baseline measurements were obtained. During period 2 (7 d), calves were subjected to diurnal heat stress (dHS) employed by maintaining barn temperature at 33°C (92°F) from 0900 to 2100 h and letting it be equilibrated with outside temperature [24°C (75°F)] during the night. Follow-up measurements were made over 4 d (P3) immediately after dHS. Calves consumed 25% less feed during the day but compensated for it consuming more feed (35%) in night during dHS. Despite DMI (kg/d) being similar between dHS and baseline, ADG and feed efficiency decreased significantly during dHS. These effects are likely consequence of nutrient repartitioning towards the activated immune system and away from productive processes (i.e., growth), as blood haptoglobin increased 3-fold during dHS. Nonetheless, calves exhibited compensatory growth concurrently with increased DMI and drinking water per unit of DMI immediately following dHS. Overall, dHS severely hampers growth and feed efficiency of dairy heifer calves despite unaltered DMI relative to baseline. Understanding nutrient partitioning in calves during and after heat stress could help mitigate the adverse effects and help calves effectively recover from heat stress.
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