英国孟加拉人形象与英国现代小说中的伦敦民族文化空间——以扎迪·史密斯和塔昆·霍尔的作品为例

Olga N. Merenkova
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摘要

21世纪初英国小说的实际主题是伦敦及其居民不断变化的城市多元文化空间。伦敦各民族社区的居住增强了伦敦的种族异质性。其中最引人注目的群体之一是英国孟加拉国人。本文分析了查蒂·史密斯的《白牙》(2000)和萨拉姆的《砖巷:新东区的一年》(2005)这两部作品。这两部小说几乎是同时创作的,但它们从不同的角度展现了伦敦及其现实。作者设法编织了一张移民家庭生活史的复杂网络,有时跨越了不止一代人。故事集中在英国孟加拉国人、牙买加人、波兰犹太人、阿富汗难民和其他居住在伦敦(尤其是伦敦东区)的少数民族。这些小说描写了移民在英国社会适应的尖锐问题,以及在英国学校接受教育的孩子身上难以感知和保存祖先的文化遗产,学习英国同龄人的行为,这对他们更保守的父母来说是一个悲剧。这些作品以真实的故事为基础,呈现了一个混杂的城市人口的画面,以及根据作者的想法和个人经历,英国社会各群体的代表如何生活和相互交往:所谓的“本土英国人”,“前移民的后裔”,少数民族的代表,前殖民地的人等等。
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Images of British Bangladeshis and the Ethno-cultural Space of London in Modern British Novels on the Example of the Works of Zadie Smith and Tarquin Hall
The actual theme of the British novel of the beginning of the 21st century becomes an intensively changing urban multicultural space of London, as well as its inhabitants. The ethnic heterogeneity of London is enhanced by the residence of various national communities there. One of the most notable groups is British Bangladeshis. The article analyzes two works: White Teeth by Zadie Smith (2000) and Salam, Brick Lane: A Year in the New East End by Tarquin Hall (2005). These novels were written almost at the same time, but London and its realities are presented in them from different angles. The authors manage to weave a complex web of life histories of migrant families, sometimes spanning more than one generation. Narratives focus on British Bangladeshis, Jamaicans, Polish Jews, refugees from Afghanistan and other ethnic groups living in London, in particular the East End. The novels deal with the acute problems of migrants’ adaptation in British society, as well as the difficulties of perceiving and preserving the cultural heritage of their ancestors in their children who are educated in British schools and learn the behaviors of their English peers, which is a tragedy for their more conservative parents. On the basis of real stories, these works present a picture of a motley urban population and how, according to the ideas and personal experience of the authors, representatives of various groups of British society live and interact with each other: the so-called “native Englishmen”, “descendants of former migrants”, representatives of ethnic minorities, people from former colonies, etc.
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