Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2021.211
V. Perminova
Taiwan, which was ruled by the Japanese Empire from 1895 to 1945, still remains one of the few regions whose inhabitants do not emphasize the negative aspects of the colonial period. Discussions in Taiwanese society about the problems of the historical past traditionally are represented by two issues: the question of sovereignty over the Diaoyudao/Senkaku islands and the demand from Tokyo of an apology and compensation for Taiwanese “comfort women”. Moreover, both of these problems, even if they appeared on the domestic political agenda, were never acute and did not have a significant impact on the development of traditionally close Japanese-Taiwanese relations. Questions of the historical past, as a rule, represented only one part of the larger discussions regarding the national identity of the islanders and the search for models of further development of Taiwan. All these aspects of the “Taiwanese approach” to issues related to the problematic past came into full play during the presidency of Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008). During this time, Tokyo and Taipei maintained a rather high level of political contacts and encouraged cooperation between Japan and Taiwan despite the actualization of the “comfort women” issue, which became the baseline for new discussions about the colonial past and the role of Japan in developing modern Taiwan. The article discusses the approaches of Taiwanese authorities in 2000–2008 to the interpretation of Japan’s war-time past and colonial period of Taiwan history in the context of development of relations between Tokyo and Taipei.
{"title":"Problems of the Historical Past in Japanese-Taiwanese Relations during the Chen Shui-bian Administration (2000–2008)","authors":"V. Perminova","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2021.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.211","url":null,"abstract":"Taiwan, which was ruled by the Japanese Empire from 1895 to 1945, still remains one of the few regions whose inhabitants do not emphasize the negative aspects of the colonial period. Discussions in Taiwanese society about the problems of the historical past traditionally are represented by two issues: the question of sovereignty over the Diaoyudao/Senkaku islands and the demand from Tokyo of an apology and compensation for Taiwanese “comfort women”. Moreover, both of these problems, even if they appeared on the domestic political agenda, were never acute and did not have a significant impact on the development of traditionally close Japanese-Taiwanese relations. Questions of the historical past, as a rule, represented only one part of the larger discussions regarding the national identity of the islanders and the search for models of further development of Taiwan. All these aspects of the “Taiwanese approach” to issues related to the problematic past came into full play during the presidency of Chen Shui-bian (2000–2008). During this time, Tokyo and Taipei maintained a rather high level of political contacts and encouraged cooperation between Japan and Taiwan despite the actualization of the “comfort women” issue, which became the baseline for new discussions about the colonial past and the role of Japan in developing modern Taiwan. The article discusses the approaches of Taiwanese authorities in 2000–2008 to the interpretation of Japan’s war-time past and colonial period of Taiwan history in the context of development of relations between Tokyo and Taipei.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114635171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.21638/SPBU13.2021.104
Пол Мтэзигэзья
The article presents a study that examined the effectiveness of the implementation of OPRAS on local government staff performance in the Kinondoni Municipal Council (KMC) in Tanzania. The study adopted a case study research design and used questionnaires, in-depth interview and documentary review in data collection. The Sample size was 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling and the content analysis and cross tabulation methods were used in data analysis. The major study findings indicate that there was a weak implementation of OPRAS because there was no communication of the needs for OPRAS to employees, provision of OPRAS related training, and motivations to public servants were inadequately addressed. Furthermore, in local government authorities (LGAs) particularly KMC, there has been very little concern, demonstrated by inadequate funds and mechanisms put in place that ensure its implementation is effective and sustainable. In regard to this, the findings demonstrated an absence of viable efforts in terms of plans and strategies set to establish an effective and sustainable implementation of OPRAS in the KMC. The financial constrains caused by the absence of a specific budget for OPRAS implementation, laxity of the management in monitoring the implementation of OPRAS in the KMC, as well as inadequate funds disbursed by the central government to KMC are the major factors restraining the effective implementation of OPRAS in the KMC. It is therefore concluded that there is a need for the government to strictly adhere to the processes required in the implementation of OPRAS, such as communicating the need for OPRAS to public servants and setting adequate funds for OPRAS to be conducted.
{"title":"Local Government Staff Performance Management in Tanzania: Experience of Open Performance Review and Appraisal System (OPRAS) in Kinondoni Municipal Council","authors":"Пол Мтэзигэзья","doi":"10.21638/SPBU13.2021.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU13.2021.104","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study that examined the effectiveness of the implementation of OPRAS on local government staff performance in the Kinondoni Municipal Council (KMC) in Tanzania. The study adopted a case study research design and used questionnaires, in-depth interview and documentary review in data collection. The Sample size was 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling and the content analysis and cross tabulation methods were used in data analysis. The major study findings indicate that there was a weak implementation of OPRAS because there was no communication of the needs for OPRAS to employees, provision of OPRAS related training, and motivations to public servants were inadequately addressed. Furthermore, in local government authorities (LGAs) particularly KMC, there has been very little concern, demonstrated by inadequate funds and mechanisms put in place that ensure its implementation is effective and sustainable. In regard to this, the findings demonstrated an absence of viable efforts in terms of plans and strategies set to establish an effective and sustainable implementation of OPRAS in the KMC. The financial constrains caused by the absence of a specific budget for OPRAS implementation, laxity of the management in monitoring the implementation of OPRAS in the KMC, as well as inadequate funds disbursed by the central government to KMC are the major factors restraining the effective implementation of OPRAS in the KMC. It is therefore concluded that there is a need for the government to strictly adhere to the processes required in the implementation of OPRAS, such as communicating the need for OPRAS to public servants and setting adequate funds for OPRAS to be conducted.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126620501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2021.103
M. Suvorov
In many Arab countries, where colonial rule was replaced by local authoritarian, often corrupt, regimes, popular discontent with the living conditions under the new government has produced a kind of nostalgia for the colonial past. This nostalgia is well observed in today’s Aden (Republic of Yemen), which was a British colony from 1839 until 1967. In the middle of the 20th century, Aden was the most prosperous city on the Arabian Peninsula and one of the busiest seaports in the world. This article examines how this nostalgia is manifested in modern Yemeni literature, namely in three novels: Three Midnighters (1993) by Sa‘id Awlaqi, Adeni Incense (2014) by Ali al-Muqri, and Steamer Point (2015) by Ahmad Zayn (Zein). In the novel Three Midnighters, which takes place in the late 1980s, the allegory of Aden Colony is a cultural club, whose activities are remembered by the characters. The main characteristics of that club were its openness to all people, its atmosphere of freedom of thought, freedom of expression, mutual respect of its members, prosperity, love, and fun. In Adeni Incense, Aden Colony also resembles a wonderful club. The members of this club, that is, the characters of the novel, live in harmony, love, and prosperity — until evil external forces begin to destroy this club. The lack of realistic details in the depiction of the city and its inhabitants allows the reader to perceive the novel as allegorical rather than realistic. In Steamer Point, Aden Colony does not appear as a wonderful club, since the novel is written in a completely realistic manner. Nevertheless, Aden in the novel has two important features: the economic prosperity and peaceful coexistence of representatives of different cultures and different identities. It is these features of the city that one of the main characters, a sincere admirer of the British, is afraid to lose as a result of the British withdrawal.
{"title":"The Colony of Aden in Post-Colonial Yemeni Novel","authors":"M. Suvorov","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2021.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.103","url":null,"abstract":"In many Arab countries, where colonial rule was replaced by local authoritarian, often corrupt, regimes, popular discontent with the living conditions under the new government has produced a kind of nostalgia for the colonial past. This nostalgia is well observed in today’s Aden (Republic of Yemen), which was a British colony from 1839 until 1967. In the middle of the 20th century, Aden was the most prosperous city on the Arabian Peninsula and one of the busiest seaports in the world. This article examines how this nostalgia is manifested in modern Yemeni literature, namely in three novels: Three Midnighters (1993) by Sa‘id Awlaqi, Adeni Incense (2014) by Ali al-Muqri, and Steamer Point (2015) by Ahmad Zayn (Zein). In the novel Three Midnighters, which takes place in the late 1980s, the allegory of Aden Colony is a cultural club, whose activities are remembered by the characters. The main characteristics of that club were its openness to all people, its atmosphere of freedom of thought, freedom of expression, mutual respect of its members, prosperity, love, and fun. In Adeni Incense, Aden Colony also resembles a wonderful club. The members of this club, that is, the characters of the novel, live in harmony, love, and prosperity — until evil external forces begin to destroy this club. The lack of realistic details in the depiction of the city and its inhabitants allows the reader to perceive the novel as allegorical rather than realistic. In Steamer Point, Aden Colony does not appear as a wonderful club, since the novel is written in a completely realistic manner. Nevertheless, Aden in the novel has two important features: the economic prosperity and peaceful coexistence of representatives of different cultures and different identities. It is these features of the city that one of the main characters, a sincere admirer of the British, is afraid to lose as a result of the British withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130123987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-11DOI: 10.21638/SPBU13.2021.108
Энварбик Михайлович Фазельянов
There have been important changes in the development of political and economic relations between the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), during which qualitatively new horizons of cooperation have been outlined. The turn of Russia and Saudi Arabia towards each other was, apparently, the result of political will and a rethinking of the role and place of Moscow and Riyadh at the global and regional levels. One of the significant features of these changes was the launch of mechanisms for cooperation in the energy sector, which was practically not considered during the Soviet Union, nor in the 1990s after the collapse of the USSR. There were several attempts to align positions in the energy sector. Energy ties were intensified because of official bilateral contacts at the highest level. During Vladimir Putin’s state visit to the KSA in October 2019, the Russian-Saudi Economic Council (RSEC) was established. It includes the heads of major companies in both countries. RSEC has become one of the most important mechanisms for coordinating investment cooperation. It focuses on large-scale joint projects, including localization of production in the KSA and support for Russian companies to enter the country’s market.
{"title":"Russia and Saudi Arabia: Partnership and Common Interests","authors":"Энварбик Михайлович Фазельянов","doi":"10.21638/SPBU13.2021.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU13.2021.108","url":null,"abstract":"There have been important changes in the development of political and economic relations between the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), during which qualitatively new horizons of cooperation have been outlined. The turn of Russia and Saudi Arabia towards each other was, apparently, the result of political will and a rethinking of the role and place of Moscow and Riyadh at the global and regional levels. One of the significant features of these changes was the launch of mechanisms for cooperation in the energy sector, which was practically not considered during the Soviet Union, nor in the 1990s after the collapse of the USSR. There were several attempts to align positions in the energy sector. Energy ties were intensified because of official bilateral contacts at the highest level. During Vladimir Putin’s state visit to the KSA in October 2019, the Russian-Saudi Economic Council (RSEC) was established. It includes the heads of major companies in both countries. RSEC has become one of the most important mechanisms for coordinating investment cooperation. It focuses on large-scale joint projects, including localization of production in the KSA and support for Russian companies to enter the country’s market.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121927881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2021.208
Vladislav V. Kruglov
The accumulated historical experience and rich cultural heritage of the pre-axial Chinese civilization are concentrated and reflected in the ancient Chinese language. Therefore, linguistic methods of studying traditional Chinese philosophy and its conceptual apparatus are becoming relevant in modern Sinology. By focusing on the material of ancient Chinese philosophical works, it is possible to reconstruct the conceptual apparatus of traditional Chinese philosophy and culture in general, and some of the classics in particular. Among the sets of fundamental terms, it is worth highlighting the compendiums by Chan Wing-tsit, Joseph Needham, A. I. Kobzev, Wu Yi and A. M. Karapetyants, which formed the basis of this study. The object of the study is the ontological-dynamic concepts, and its purpose is to develop a model of their linguocultural analysis demonstrated on the example of certain terms, first of all, 人 ren, 德 de and 道 dao. The statistical analysis of conceptions of the I Ching tradition, namely “The Appended Commentaries”, helps to construct a monocentric semantic field of ontological terms with a heterogeneous core. This model of linguocultural analysis proves to be universal for many philosophical concepts.
前轴华夏文明积累的历史经验和丰富的文化遗产，集中反映在古代汉语中。因此，研究中国传统哲学及其概念工具的语言学方法在现代汉学中具有重要意义。通过关注中国古代哲学著作的材料，有可能重建中国传统哲学和文化的概念装置，特别是一些经典。在这些基本术语中，值得强调的是陈永泽、李约瑟、A. I. Kobzev、吴毅和A. M. Karapetyants的概要，它们构成了本研究的基础。本研究以本体动态概念为研究对象，以“人”、“德”、“道”三个词为例，建立一个本体动态概念的语言文化分析模型。对《易经》传统概念即《附注》的统计分析有助于构建一个具有异质核心的本体论术语的单中心语义场。这种语言文化分析模式被证明对许多哲学概念都是通用的。
{"title":"Ontological-dynamic Concepts of the I Ching Tradition and the Model of their Linguocultural Analysis","authors":"Vladislav V. Kruglov","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2021.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.208","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulated historical experience and rich cultural heritage of the pre-axial Chinese civilization are concentrated and reflected in the ancient Chinese language. Therefore, linguistic methods of studying traditional Chinese philosophy and its conceptual apparatus are becoming relevant in modern Sinology. By focusing on the material of ancient Chinese philosophical works, it is possible to reconstruct the conceptual apparatus of traditional Chinese philosophy and culture in general, and some of the classics in particular. Among the sets of fundamental terms, it is worth highlighting the compendiums by Chan Wing-tsit, Joseph Needham, A. I. Kobzev, Wu Yi and A. M. Karapetyants, which formed the basis of this study. The object of the study is the ontological-dynamic concepts, and its purpose is to develop a model of their linguocultural analysis demonstrated on the example of certain terms, first of all, 人 ren, 德 de and 道 dao. The statistical analysis of conceptions of the I Ching tradition, namely “The Appended Commentaries”, helps to construct a monocentric semantic field of ontological terms with a heterogeneous core. This model of linguocultural analysis proves to be universal for many philosophical concepts.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116327165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2020.307
Y. Dreyzis
The article describes the history of the Topolect Literature Movement (TLM), which developed in Hong Kong in the 1940s, and analyzes its typological features. TLM was one of the most radical projects implemented to replace writing in the national standard language based on northern dialects with writing in the local language variety (Cantonese / Yue). This variety was a non-northern idiom that performed the function of the L-language in diglossia. TLM authors did not try to break the connection between the written language and its oral form: many, primarily poetic, texts were somehow intended for public performance; in other types of texts, a close connection with the spoken language was supported by the strong presence of a narrator. Texts were recorded using Chinese characters (a standard character with an identical / similar reading was used to write down a topolect morpheme, or a character using it as a phonetic element indicating reading was created). The final failure of TLM, in addition to purely political factors, can be explained by a shift in attention from the urban literate audience to peasants. This resulted from the attitudes of the Chinese Communist Party that functioned in a rural environment, very different from the urban one, where TLM writers who sympathized with leftist ideas actually lived and worked. The prevalence of traditional poetic forms reflected a bias towards the traditional culture of the rural community. The willingness to focus on a local audience, even to the detriment of the national language unity, created a potential conflict with the aspirations of most of the Chinese intellectual elite who were determined to solve the problem of nation-building. Nevertheless, TLM serves as a unique example of the rapid development of writing in one of the Chinese topolects in the checkered twentieth century.
{"title":"Written at the Service of Oral: Topolect Literature Movement in Hong Kong","authors":"Y. Dreyzis","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2020.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.307","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the history of the Topolect Literature Movement (TLM), which developed in Hong Kong in the 1940s, and analyzes its typological features. TLM was one of the most radical projects implemented to replace writing in the national standard language based on northern dialects with writing in the local language variety (Cantonese / Yue). This variety was a non-northern idiom that performed the function of the L-language in diglossia. TLM authors did not try to break the connection between the written language and its oral form: many, primarily poetic, texts were somehow intended for public performance; in other types of texts, a close connection with the spoken language was supported by the strong presence of a narrator. Texts were recorded using Chinese characters (a standard character with an identical / similar reading was used to write down a topolect morpheme, or a character using it as a phonetic element indicating reading was created). The final failure of TLM, in addition to purely political factors, can be explained by a shift in attention from the urban literate audience to peasants. This resulted from the attitudes of the Chinese Communist Party that functioned in a rural environment, very different from the urban one, where TLM writers who sympathized with leftist ideas actually lived and worked. The prevalence of traditional poetic forms reflected a bias towards the traditional culture of the rural community. The willingness to focus on a local audience, even to the detriment of the national language unity, created a potential conflict with the aspirations of most of the Chinese intellectual elite who were determined to solve the problem of nation-building. Nevertheless, TLM serves as a unique example of the rapid development of writing in one of the Chinese topolects in the checkered twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123808426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2020.305
M. Suvorov
After the unification of North and South Yemen into a single state in 1990, some Yemeni writers tried to rethink in a literary form the country’s recent past, which was presented in the literature of the previous period in an ideologically embellished form. One of the first authors to do so was Habib Saruri, a Yemeni-born computer scientist who lives permanently in France. In his first novel, The Ruined Queen (1998), he described the life of South Yemen in the first half of the 1970s, during the period of active implementation of the theory of scientific socialism in the country. The success of the novel encouraged Saruri to continue writing, and to date he has published nine novels. In most of his works, the writer focuses on the sociopolitical transformations that Yemen has gone through over the past half-century, including the socialist experiment of the 1970–80s and the civil war of 1986 in the South, the consequences of this war for the losing side, the process of rapprochement and unification of the two parts of Yemen, the civil war of 1994 in the united Yemen and its consequences for the South, the spread of radical Islamism, the revolution of 2011 and further political chaos, the Houthis’ attempt to capture Aden in 2015, and the current military campaign of the Arab coalition against the Houthis. Saruri treats the events of Yemen’s modern history boldly and straightforwardly, in a manner characteristic of a columnist, and most of his works resemble journalism, presented in the form of a novel. This article examines the picture of the modern history of Yemen presented in six of Saruri’s novels: The Ruined Queen (1998), Damlan (2004), The Bird of Destruction (2005), Suslov’s Daughter (2014), The Grandson of Sinbad (2016), and Revelation (2018).
{"title":"Half-century of Sociopolitical Transformations in Yemen in Habib Saruri’s Columnist Style Novels","authors":"M. Suvorov","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2020.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.305","url":null,"abstract":"After the unification of North and South Yemen into a single state in 1990, some Yemeni writers tried to rethink in a literary form the country’s recent past, which was presented in the literature of the previous period in an ideologically embellished form. One of the first authors to do so was Habib Saruri, a Yemeni-born computer scientist who lives permanently in France. In his first novel, The Ruined Queen (1998), he described the life of South Yemen in the first half of the 1970s, during the period of active implementation of the theory of scientific socialism in the country. The success of the novel encouraged Saruri to continue writing, and to date he has published nine novels. In most of his works, the writer focuses on the sociopolitical transformations that Yemen has gone through over the past half-century, including the socialist experiment of the 1970–80s and the civil war of 1986 in the South, the consequences of this war for the losing side, the process of rapprochement and unification of the two parts of Yemen, the civil war of 1994 in the united Yemen and its consequences for the South, the spread of radical Islamism, the revolution of 2011 and further political chaos, the Houthis’ attempt to capture Aden in 2015, and the current military campaign of the Arab coalition against the Houthis. Saruri treats the events of Yemen’s modern history boldly and straightforwardly, in a manner characteristic of a columnist, and most of his works resemble journalism, presented in the form of a novel. This article examines the picture of the modern history of Yemen presented in six of Saruri’s novels: The Ruined Queen (1998), Damlan (2004), The Bird of Destruction (2005), Suslov’s Daughter (2014), The Grandson of Sinbad (2016), and Revelation (2018).","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126190815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2019.401
A. Rodionov
The paper examines the translation and publication in the Russian language of the contemporary Chinese prose in 2009–2018. On the basis of full database of translations from the last decade the author analyzes the influence of traditional and new factors in the literary interaction of Russia and China, highlights its latest trends. The paper proves that increase of China’s global importance, raise of interest to China in Russia, intensification of China’s efforts to support the promotion of its culture abroad as well as qualitative changes of Chinese literature itself have resulted in a powerful quantitative breakthrough in translations (90 books in 2009–2018 versus 20 books in 1992–2008), acquaintance of Russian audience with the major texts of the most important contemporary writers, e. g. Bi Feiyu, Cao Wenxuan, Liu Zhenyun, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, etc., increase in the number of translated novels against short stories, transfer of focus from the literature of the 1980s to the literature of the 21st century, decrease of the lag of the contemporary literature behind the publication of the Chinese classics, increase in the number of translators. The translation of the Chinese literature ceased the connection with the limited range of the scholars; it didn’t always result in some academic research, which led to the deacademization and commercialization of literary translation. However, the volume of translation is quite unstable and the circulations are rather low (2156 copies in average). Up to now, low awareness of the audience about Chinese culture and history, insufficient availability of information on new translations, domination of the Western literature on the book market, rare involvement of the major publishers prevent the wide recognition of the latest Chinese prose in Russia.
{"title":"Translation and Publication in the Russian Language of the Contemporary Chinese Prose in 2009–2018","authors":"A. Rodionov","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2019.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2019.401","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the translation and publication in the Russian language of the contemporary Chinese prose in 2009–2018. On the basis of full database of translations from the last decade the author analyzes the influence of traditional and new factors in the literary interaction of Russia and China, highlights its latest trends. The paper proves that increase of China’s global importance, raise of interest to China in Russia, intensification of China’s efforts to support the promotion of its culture abroad as well as qualitative changes of Chinese literature itself have resulted in a powerful quantitative breakthrough in translations (90 books in 2009–2018 versus 20 books in 1992–2008), acquaintance of Russian audience with the major texts of the most important contemporary writers, e. g. Bi Feiyu, Cao Wenxuan, Liu Zhenyun, Liu Cixin, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, etc., increase in the number of translated novels against short stories, transfer of focus from the literature of the 1980s to the literature of the 21st century, decrease of the lag of the contemporary literature behind the publication of the Chinese classics, increase in the number of translators. The translation of the Chinese literature ceased the connection with the limited range of the scholars; it didn’t always result in some academic research, which led to the deacademization and commercialization of literary translation. However, the volume of translation is quite unstable and the circulations are rather low (2156 copies in average). Up to now, low awareness of the audience about Chinese culture and history, insufficient availability of information on new translations, domination of the Western literature on the book market, rare involvement of the major publishers prevent the wide recognition of the latest Chinese prose in Russia.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131288095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2019.410
Marwa M. Salem
The decision-making process in Egypt at the ruling time of its fourth president Hosni Mubarak was dominated by the president and a very small core group composed mainly, but not exclusively, of advisers whom he appointed and dismissed. The level of their influence on his decisions was almost wholly dependent on their accessibility to Mubarak himself. Towards the end of his rule, President Mubarak was no longer capable of resuming his duties effectively. Therefore, several of these issues were brought under the responsibility of the ruling elite, whereas other issues were left to be handled by the relevant ministry. It became possible for some parts of the bureaucracy to make a significant impact on foreign policy, particularly on topics not of interest to the ruling elite. This should not negate the effect of the internal dynamics of the foreign ministry on the operationalization of the institution and subsequently on its ability to execute mandates efficiently. Also, some institutions and ‘quasi-foreign policy agencies’ had a role, however small, on foreign policy outcomes and competed with the foreign ministry. Thus, the argument remains that the bureaucratic institution, despite its subordinate role, is partly responsible for Egypt’s foreign policy unhappy ending under Mubarak.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2019.405
N. Samoylov, Mariana Muenning
The present paper provides an initial comparison of the image of “the West” in Chinese history teaching materials in the 1950s and 1980s. The focus lies on secondary education, i. e. lower and higher level secondary schools, with an occasional mention of the primary education level and one example drawn from a book directed towards a general readership. School textbooks published in the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s, as well as the accompanying teaching materials, to a large extent, had copied similar textbooks and training programs used in the Soviet Union. This was especially true of textbooks on world history. In the 1950s many Soviet historians visited China and contributed to the development of world history teaching programmes in Chinese universities and schools. It is therefore not surprising that Chinese textbooks on general history sought mostly to emulate Soviet publications. This paper aims to demonstrate the way Chinese textbooks pursued a legitimization of historical materialism by applying it to world (more specifically: western) history. Special emphasis is laid on the Industrial Revolution, which was the driving force behind the development of colonialism. China enters the stage of world history as a victim of Western colonialism, which is seen as the result of capitalism and an expression of worldwide class struggle according to Leninism. It is shown how the West is presented as an aggressor and how Marxism and the Communist Party are seen as legitimate defenders of China. The article concludes with a notable “plot twist” during the Reform and Opening Era, in which the depiction of the Industrial Revolution is altered significantly to give place to the praise of technological progress.
{"title":"From Imperialist to Innovator: Some remarks on the use of “the West” in PRC history curricula and textbooks during the 1950s and 1980s","authors":"N. Samoylov, Mariana Muenning","doi":"10.21638/spbu13.2019.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2019.405","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper provides an initial comparison of the image of “the West” in Chinese history teaching materials in the 1950s and 1980s. The focus lies on secondary education, i. e. lower and higher level secondary schools, with an occasional mention of the primary education level and one example drawn from a book directed towards a general readership. School textbooks published in the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s, as well as the accompanying teaching materials, to a large extent, had copied similar textbooks and training programs used in the Soviet Union. This was especially true of textbooks on world history. In the 1950s many Soviet historians visited China and contributed to the development of world history teaching programmes in Chinese universities and schools. It is therefore not surprising that Chinese textbooks on general history sought mostly to emulate Soviet publications. This paper aims to demonstrate the way Chinese textbooks pursued a legitimization of historical materialism by applying it to world (more specifically: western) history. Special emphasis is laid on the Industrial Revolution, which was the driving force behind the development of colonialism. China enters the stage of world history as a victim of Western colonialism, which is seen as the result of capitalism and an expression of worldwide class struggle according to Leninism. It is shown how the West is presented as an aggressor and how Marxism and the Communist Party are seen as legitimate defenders of China. The article concludes with a notable “plot twist” during the Reform and Opening Era, in which the depiction of the Industrial Revolution is altered significantly to give place to the praise of technological progress.","PeriodicalId":342908,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies","volume":"21 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125890357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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