Barium Cerate and its composite perovskites – synthesis techniques: a comprehensive review

Perovskites have attracted growing interest in recent era due to their unique properties and potential applications. Barium cerate (BC) proton-conducting perovskites have been examined over decades for various applications such as hydrogen sensors, fuel cells, proton separation membranes, etc. when compared with oxide ion conductors under the same circumstances, ceramic proton conducting barium cerate can diminish the working temperature of solid oxide fuel cells to an intermediate temperature range, 673 – 873 K because of their higher ionic conduction. The present review carefully analyses and summarizes different synthesis approaches with optimization conditions to prepare BC-derived perovskites and the reported data have been carefully analyzed. A range of synthesis methods such as solid-state reaction method and wet chemical processes like coprecipitation, combustion, pechini method, etc., have been systematically investigated. Even though the solid-state method has considerable disadvantages, most researchers avoid its incompetence due to the easiness of processing. Applications of the material have been briefly deliberated to exemplify its technological importance. The present review concluded with the recent signs of progress and innovative techniques employed to overcome the processing complications in these materials.