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引用次数: 2

摘要

自20世纪末以来,各国政府、国际机构、非营利组织和企业家越来越多地将体育作为实现发展目标的工具。从那时起,利用体育,特别是足球,来解决非洲社会经济问题的努力在整个非洲大陆如雨后春笋般涌现。体育促进发展倡议的重点是通过增强社会凝聚力、建设和平与和解来改善社区福祉;通过教育青年了解艾滋病毒/艾滋病,改善个人和群体的健康;增强女童和青年妇女权能,解决男性主导问题,促进性别平等;并通过球场内外的成功获得金融、社会和文化资本。尽管这类活动很多,但它们的实际影响一直是学者们争论的一个有争议的话题。一些人认为体育促进发展的积极方面是经济政策的“软”选择,由于体育的普及,可以接触到广泛的受众。然而,也有人警告说,他们通过进一步减少政府对公民的责任,来推动新自由主义议程。这些分歧证明,需要进行长期研究,以及基于后殖民理论的批判性研究,以便更全面地了解体育作为发展渠道的潜力和局限性。
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Sport for Development
Since the late 20th century, governments, international agencies, nonprofit organizations, and entrepreneurs have increasingly promoted sport as a tool to deliver development goals. The efforts to harness sport, and football (soccer) in particular, to address socioeconomic ills in Africa have mushroomed throughout the continent ever since. Sport-for-development initiatives have been focused on improving the well-being of communities through increasing social cohesion, peacebuilding, and reconciliation; improving the health of individuals and groups by educating the youth on HIV/AIDS; empowering girls and young women, tackling male dominance, and promoting gender equality; and acquiring financial, social, and cultural capital through success on and off the pitch. Despite the abundance of such activities, their tangible impacts have been a contested topic for debate among scholars. Some view the positive sides of sport-for-development as a “soft” alternative to economic policies that, owing to the popularity of sports, can reach broad audiences. Others, nonetheless, have warned of the neoliberal agenda they promote, by further lessening the responsibilities of governments to their citizens. These disagreements attest to the need for long-term examinations, as well as critical studies grounded in postcolonial theory, in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of sports to serve as a conduit for development.
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