乌克兰的科学与创新:战争时期的政策制定方法

V. Gryga, Y. Ryzhkova
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摘要

俄罗斯在乌克兰发动的全面战争给经济发展带来了许多挑战,如果没有研究和创新,很难想象能够克服这些挑战。重建R&I成为乌克兰政策制定者面临的另一个挑战。因此,本文的目的是分析乌克兰在俄罗斯引起的战争期间的R&I政策,并为战后复苏制定政策建议。为了实现这一目标,我们使用了几种方法,特别是专家意见归纳,相关科学和政策文献分析以及统计分析。本文考虑了危机时期创新决策的三种途径:生产;采购;重新。目前,乌克兰主要采用第二种方式,即购买和接收现代化武器装备。与此同时,乌克兰有一些创新的发展,但产量不足。战后,由于财政拮据,乌克兰无法购买武器。因此,在短期内,政府应重新调整努力方向,以重新利用当前的发展。然而,从长期来看,这种做法是不可持续的,因为需要发展更广泛的科技基础,为在紧急情况下进一步重新利用创造坚实的基础。这场战争对乌克兰的研发潜力造成了巨大的破坏,到目前为止,这种破坏还没有得到充分的衡量和量化。有两种类型的损害:研究和创新基础设施的物理损失(例如研究设施和高科技企业)和“人才流失”,这两者都应该是研发政策制定者关注的焦点。因此,提出了一套政策措施,以解决战争导致的R&I挑战。
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Science and innovation in Ukraine: approaches to policy making in times of war
The full-scale war started by Russia in Ukraine has caused many challenges to economic development, the overcoming of which is hard to be imagined without the research and innovation. Rebuilding R&I became another challenge for Ukrainian policymakers. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the R&I policy of Ukraine during the war caused by Russia and to develop policy recommendations for the postwar recovery. To achieve it, we used several methods, in particular expert opinion generalization, relevant scientific and policy literature analysis, and statistical analysis. The paper considers three approaches to innovation policy-making at crisis time: produce; procure; repurpose. Currently, Ukraine uses mainly the second one, by buying and receiving modern armament and equipment. Meanwhile, there were some innovative developments in Ukraine, which are not produced in sufficient quantities. After the war, Ukraine couldn’t buy armament due to fiscal constraints. Thus, in the short-run period, the government should reorient efforts toward repurposing of current developments. However, such an approach is not sustainable in the long-run period, when the development of a broader S&T base is required to create a solid base for further repurposing in emergency cases. The war caused massive damage to Ukrainian R&I potential, which by now is not fully measured and quantified. There are two types of damage: physical loss of research and innovation infrastructure (e.g. research facilities, and high-tech enterprises) and «brain drain», both of which should be the focus of R&I policymakers. Therefore, a set of policy measures is proposed to address the war-led challenges in R&I.
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Science and innovation in Ukraine: approaches to policy making in times of war REGULATION OF UKRAINE’S COMMODITY MARKETS IN CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY AND MARTIAL LAW A RHYMED CHRONICLE OF THE WAR UKRAINE’S POST-WAR ECONOMY: INTERNATIONAL AID AND GROWTH POLICY STRATEGIES OF ECONOMIC STABILITY IN UNSTABLE ENVIRONMENT
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