Teleconference Accessibility and Guidelines for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users

In this experience report, we describe the accessibility challenges that deaf and hard of hearing users face in teleconferences, based on both our first-hand participation in meetings, and as User Interface and Experience experts. Teleconferencing poses new accessibility challenges compared to face-to-face communication because of limited social, emotional, and haptic feedback. Above all, teleconferencing participants and organizers need to be flexible, because deaf or hard of hearing people have diverse communication preferences. We explain what recurring problems users experience, where current teleconferencing software falls short, and how to address these shortcomings. We offer specific recommendations for best practices and the experiential reasons behind them.