成岩和热液过程中沸石晶体生长的世代——以埃及开罗-苏伊士公路ABU treifiya地区湖相火山碎屑为例

M. Kabesh, N. Shallaly
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引用次数: 0

摘要

沸石和粘土矿物是Abu Treifiya盆地火山-沉积岩组合中常见的自生矿物。它们是在部分封闭的盐碱湖盆环境中,由碱性火山玻璃与渗滤水反应水解蚀变而成。对沸石及其伴生的粘土矿物和方解石进行了详细的显微镜和x射线衍射研究和描述,偶尔也应用扫描电子探针和拉曼技术。记录并描述了沸石矿物的种类:辉石、透辉石、透辉石、茶辉石、钠沸石和安钙石。火山玻璃的palagon石化作用和蚀变作用形成了三个阶段的自生矿物形成;1)粘土矿物如蒙脱石、绿泥石/蒙脱石(混合层)和绿泥石;2)沸石矿物;3)方解石。这些组合形成于两个共生阶段:A)成岩阶段,以粘土矿物为代表,其次是可能被philphilite或thomsonite覆盖的philphilite或thomsonite,填充间隙,囊泡和杏仁核,在火山-沉积演替的几乎所有相类型中都存在。这是在环境pH值、碱度和盐度增加过程中火山玻璃蚀变的结果。在高钠富盐-碱性环境下,在极端古岩化作用下,珠光凝灰岩和透明碎屑岩凝灰岩中形成银沸石颗粒晶体,B)热液阶段以横切裂缝的开放空间充填和(或)以玄武岩湖相碳酸盐接触处形成托贝莫来石球粒为代表。大型岩洞的结晶顺序为钙沸石、方解石球粒,其次为钙沸石、钙巴沸石、钙巴沸石;随着温度的降低和流体中Na含量的增加,富Na纤维状钠沸石开始结晶。热液脉中充填有大的自面体纳卡贝石,伴生有玉髓、二氧化氢氧化物和粘土。
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ZEOLITE CRYSTAL GROWTH GENERATIONS DURING DIAGENETIC AND HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES- CASE STUDY OF LACUSTRINE VOLCANICLASTICS, ABU TREIFIYA AREA, CAIRO-SUEZ ROAD, EGYPT
ZEOLITES and clay minerals are common authigenic minerals in volcano-sedimentary rock association in the Abu Treifiya basin. They are formed by hydrolysis alteration of basic volcanic glass by reaction with percolating water in a partly closed basin of salinealkaline lacustrine environment. The zeolites and associated clay minerals and calcite are studied and described in detail microscopically and by X-ray diffraction, also occasionally scanning electron microprobe and Raman techniques are applied. The zeolite mineral species of phillipsite, thomsonite, tobermorite, chabazite, natrolite and analcime are recorded and described. Palagonitization and alteration of volcanic glass result in three stages of authigenic mineral formation; 1) clay minerals as smectite, chlorite/smectite (mixed layer) and chlorite, 2) zeolite minerals, and 3) finally calcite. These associations are found to form in two paragenetic phases: A) diagenetic phase, represented by clay minerals, followed by phillipsite or thomsonite that may be overgrown by phillipsite, filling interstitial spaces, vesicles and amygdales in mostly all facies types of the volcano-sedimentary succession. These resulted from volcanic glass alteration during increasing pH, alkalinity and salinity of the environment. Analcime granular crystals form in lapilli tuff and hyaloclastite tuff in higher Na rich saline -alkaline environment at extreme palagonitization, and B) hydrothermal phase represented by open space filling of cross cutting fractures and/or manifested by formation of tobermorite spherules along basalt lacustrine carbonate contacts. Large vugs exhibit sequential crystallization of Ca zeolite thomsonite spherules followed by calcsodic zeolite Cachabazite; with decreasing temperature and increase in Na in the fluid Na rich fibrous natrolite crystallize. Hydrothermal veins are filled by large euhedral Nachabazite associated with chalcedony, Feoxyhydroxides and clays.
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