Performance Analysis of Heterogeneous Data Transmission in 5G C-V2N Communication

The development of 5G cellular networks has enabled the implementation of autonomous and self-driving vehicles, as the technology supports higher data speeds up to 1 Gbps with a reduction of network latency down to until several milliseconds by using Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) network communications. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) entrusted to develop a protocol for the 5G New Radio Access Network (NR RAN) access technology and its associated technical specifications. 3GPP has introduced Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) that is responsible for Quality of Service (QoS) flow handling network. Malaysia's 5G network is currently operational, but it is only limited to end devices that are supported by telecom service providers. The end devices are expensive, and researchers may acquire a large number of them in order to understand the limitations, usage, and constraints of SDAP when deploying using 5G applications. Hence, a discrete event software simulator called OMNeT++ and the 5G-Sim-V2I/N framework were used to simulate and to evaluate a prioritized resource allocation algorithm for provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) in Cellular Vehicle-to-Network (C-V2N) communication. Each application (i.e., Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), video streaming, data transmission, and V2X messaging) is allocated a QoS value, named 5G QoS Flow Identifier (5QI). The values of Signal Noise with Interference Ratio (SNIR), packet delay in each application, and the throughput of several cars, set randomly up to 254 cars were collected. The MAX C/I scheduling algorithm was adopted as the scheduler because the user with the highest SNIR will be prioritized and served first, which will instantly maximize the system throughput. The result of this experiment showed how 5QI affects transmission, notably when the network is congested, because of the large number of cars were connected to the 5G base station, as the value of SNIR decreases.