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The causes of the migration crisis are established, and its demographic consequences are determined, in particular: the probability of life loss; the impact of the war on the geographical distribution of the population (massive and permanent internal displacement); labor shortage and increasing burden on the pension system, decrease in birth rate (decrease in the number of women of reproductive age); increase in the number of the population of older age groups). It is also proven that the “new age structure of the country’s population” will have a smaller proportion of young people and a larger population of older age groups, which will put additional pressure on the national economy during recovery and reconstruction. Already today, the immediate demographic impact of the war on Ukraine is felt, as it has a “weak” demographic profile. Conclusions. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

科学的新奇。俄罗斯-乌克兰战争导致了人口在国内和境外的大规模迁移,导致乌克兰社会出现了被迫移民、国内流离失所者、难民、流离失所者、寻求庇护者和移民等现象。国内流离失所者和移民的大规模浪潮造成安全、社会、经济、金融、家庭和人口问题。文章确定了乌克兰人口减少的趋势,这种趋势正在加速人口灾难,特别是由于战争造成的人口死亡率上升、大量的国内流离失所、移民(难民)的增长、出生率的下降和可能的领土损失。确定了移徙危机的原因,确定了其人口后果,特别是:生命损失的可能性;战争对人口地理分布的影响(大规模和永久的国内流离失所);劳动力短缺和养老金制度负担增加,出生率下降(育龄妇女数量减少);老年群体人口数量的增加)。事实也证明,“国家人口的新年龄结构”将是年轻人的比例更小,老年群体的人口更多,这将在恢复和重建期间给国民经济带来额外的压力。今天,人们已经感受到战争对乌克兰人口结构的直接影响,因为它的人口结构“薄弱”。结论。文章证明,与雇主建立牢固的劳动关系是乌克兰保持劳动力潜力的重要因素之一。然而,这方面对雇主有一定的挑战,特别是为从战区迁移的人创造就业机会(金钱和工作机会仍然是乌克兰难民的主要因素);安全保障和住房供应;向受害者和其他人提供财政支持。关键词:移民,人口学,移民,劳动力潜力,战争,人口年龄结构,国内流离失所者,难民。
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FORCED MIGRATION CRISIS AND ITS DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES
Scientific novelty. The Russian-Ukrainian war led to a mass migration of the population both within the state itself and beyond its borders, which led to the emergence of the phenomenon of forced migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees, displaced persons, asylum seekers and emigrants in Ukrainian society. A large-scale wave of internally displaced persons and emigrants causes security, social, economic, financial, family and demographic problems. The article determines the trends of Ukraine’s population reduction, which is accelerating the demographic catastrophe, in particular, the increasing in population mortality due to war, huge internal displacements, the growth of emigration (refugees), the decrease in the birth rate and the probable loss of territories. The causes of the migration crisis are established, and its demographic consequences are determined, in particular: the probability of life loss; the impact of the war on the geographical distribution of the population (massive and permanent internal displacement); labor shortage and increasing burden on the pension system, decrease in birth rate (decrease in the number of women of reproductive age); increase in the number of the population of older age groups). It is also proven that the “new age structure of the country’s population” will have a smaller proportion of young people and a larger population of older age groups, which will put additional pressure on the national economy during recovery and reconstruction. Already today, the immediate demographic impact of the war on Ukraine is felt, as it has a “weak” demographic profile. Conclusions. The article substantiates that strong labor relations with employers are one of the important factors of preserving labor potential in Ukraine. However, this aspect has certain challenges for employers, in particular, creating jobs for people who have moved from the war zone (money and access to work remain the main factors for Ukrainian refugees); security guarantees and provision of housing; provision of financial support to victims and others. Key words: migration, demography, migrants, labor potential, war, age structure of the population, internally displaced persons, refugees.
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