20世纪60 - 80年代苏联境内的苏联电影:双语问题

Valentyna Molotkina, I. Levchenko, Iryna Berezanska
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摘要

本文揭示了苏联电影对乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国人口语言认同变化的影响。分析了20世纪60年代至80年代在党命名法俄罗斯化政策条件下电影的内容、思想脉络。强调了当代电影工业在实现单一共同体——“苏联人民”概念中的作用。值得强调的是这一进程的关键原因:苏联当局试图避免创造性职业工人的自由思想,防止乌克兰身份的任何表现,反对异议的斗争,特别是防止其表现,等等。揭示了电视在20世纪60年代至80年代苏联公民生活中的作用。苏联电影工业对人们世界观的影响是突出的。审议了管理电影摄影问题的管理和立法框架。对这一问题的描述使我们能够详细说明具体情况,并挑出苏联在电视和无线电广播领域的政策趋势。总的来说,苏联电影被认为是社会俄罗斯化的手段和方法之一,改变了人口的种族和语言认同。研究发现,苏联电影的独特性在于意识形态成分,这种意识形态成分绝对渗透到当时社会生活的各个领域。电影的目标之一是形成个人对苏联所有人民共同的历史和文化起源的信念,最重要的是,意识到自己是“苏联人民”的一部分。无论类型(艺术或纪录片),苏联电影,像任何其他艺术作品一样,旨在展示所谓的伟大的“苏联人民”,把简单的“苏联人”描绘成他那个时代的英雄,突出社会主义建设的主要成就等。当然,电影任务的实现需要严格的审查制度,在纪录片中——伪造和替代事实。随着俄罗斯化的蔓延,所有这些现象都导致了对一个民族的语言、文化和家庭传统的放弃
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SOVIET CINEMATOGRAPHY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE USSR IN THE 1960S–1980S: THE PROBLEM OF BILINGUALISM
The article reveals the influence of Soviet cinema on the change in the linguistic identity of the population of the Ukrainian SSR. The content, ideological context of the cinema of the 1960s – 1980s in the conditions of the Russification policy of the party nomenclature is analyzed. The role of the contemporary film industry in realizing the concept of a single community – the «Soviet people» is highlighted. It is worth highlighting the key reasons for this process: the attempt of the Soviet authorities to avoid free-thinking among workers in creative professions, the prevention of any manifestations of Ukrainian identity, the fight against dissidence, in particular the prevention of its manifestations, etc. The role of television in the life of a Soviet citizen in the 1960s – 1980s is revealed. The influence of the Soviet film industry on the worldview of the population is highlighted. The regulatory and legislative framework, which regulated the issue of cinematography, was considered. The characterization of this issue made it possible to detail the specifics and single out the trends of Soviet policy in the field of television and radio broadcasting. In general, Soviet cinema is considered as one of the means and methods of Russification of society, changing the ethnic and linguistic identity of the population. It was found out that the peculiarity of Soviet cinema was the ideological component, which permeated absolutely all spheres of life of the society at that time. One of the goals of the cinema was the formation of conviction in the individual about the common historical and cultural origin of all the peoples of the USSR, and most importantly, the awareness of oneself as a part of the «Soviet people». Regardless of the genre (artistic or documentary), Soviet cinema, like any other work of art, was intended to show the so-called greatness of the «Soviet people», to depict the simple «Soviet man» as a hero of his time, to highlight the main achievements of socialist construction etc. Of course, the realization of the tasks of the cinema required strict censorship, and in documentaries – falsifications and substitution of facts. Together with the spread of Russification, all these phenomena led to the renunciation of the linguistic, cultural, and household traditions of one’s ethnic group
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