A novel cross layered energy based ad hoc on-demand routing protocol for MANETs

The design of efficient routing protocols for Ad hoc neworks is a complex issue. These networks need efficient algorithms to determine ad hoc connectivity and routing. MANET aims not only to provide correct and efficient routes between pair of nodes but also to provide energy efficient route to maximize the life time of ad hoc mobile networks. In this paper, a dynamic energy conscious routing algorithm ECL-AODV where cross layer interaction is provided to utilize the energy related information from physical and MAC layers. This algorithm avoids the nodes which are having low residual energy. By maximizing the lifetime of mobile nodes routing algorithm selects a best path from the viewpoint of high residual energy path as part of route stability. The RTS/CTS transmission is a crucial step towards saving the energy of mobile nodes. In this scheme, the RTS/CTS transmission occurs after route discovery and route reply process. The path is reserved for further transmissions. The receiving power of sender, intermediate nodes and receiver are also another part of route stability. The protocol is implemented for achieving quality of service (QoS) in terms of average energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and throughput.