冰岛的创新体系特征

I. S. Balanchuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全球金融危机给世界上几乎所有的国家提出了一个问题,要么接受不可避免的变化,承担金融衰退的负面后果,要么接受经济各个部门的新的革命性变化,成为现代竞争国家,能够抵御现代世界的挑战。一些国家保持原样,另一些国家努力适应新形势。其中一个国家是冰岛。这个国家在几十年前就开始了结构性改革,但2008年的危机事件在某种程度上加速了这一进程。通过了国家摆脱金融危机和经济恢复到危机前水平的危机后计划;随后,对目标进行了调整,改善了危机前指标。该计划的实质是为了国家利益充分利用国家的自然资源,即:旅游业、地热能、渔业以及生物技术和制药将成为国民经济基础的基本“支柱”。聪明的方法和新颖的想法带来了积极的结果:多年来,冰岛在许多指标上已成为欧洲的领导者之一,即:每年的游客流量,鱼类的生产和出口,使用可再生能源满足自己的需求,预期寿命等。2018年,冰岛政府制定了一项新的国家发展计划,旨在巩固前几年的成果并改善个别指标。会议决定更加关注国家和整个世界的最新创新进程,以及发展和支持创新企业,以更新冰岛经济体系的所有组成部分。从这个北方国家的发展速度来看,实施新计划的各项要点将产生非常积极的结果
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Innovation system fetures of Iceland
The global financial crisis has put the question to practically all countries of the world to take on the inevitable changes and take the negative consequences of the financial downturn, or to accept new revolutionary changes in all sectors of the economy and become modern competitive states, able to withstand the challenges of the modern world. Some countries have left everything as it is, others have tried to adapt to the new situation. One of these countries is Iceland. The state began structural changes many decades ago, but the crisis events of 2008 somehow accelerated this process. The post-crisis plan for the country’s exit from the financial crisis and the recovery of the economy at pre-crisis positions was adopted; subsequently, the targets were adjusted improvement of pre-crisis indicators. The essence of the plan was to make full use of the country’s natural resources for the benefit of the state, namely: tourism, geothermal energy, the fishing industry, as well as biotechnology and pharmaceuticals were to become the basic “pillars” on which the national economy was based. An intelligent approach along with original ideas has brought its positive results: over the years Iceland has become one of the leaders in Europe for a number of indicators, namely: annual tourist flow, production and export of fish, use of renewable energy sources for their own needs, life expectancy, etc. In 2018, the government of Iceland created a new state development plan aimed at consolidating the results of previous years and improving individual indicators. It was decided to pay more attention to the latest innovation processes both in the state and in the world as a whole, as well as the development and support of innovative enterprises to update all components of the Icelandic economic system. Judging by the pace of development shown by this northern country, the results from the implementation of the points of the new plan will be more than positive
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