具有初始紫移和三种红移的慢时间宇宙学

Zahid Zakir
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摘要

在广义相对论中,在膨胀的宇宙中,光子波长的拉伸沿着路径发生,与源的速度无关。因此,来自相对于我们静止的源的光子没有,而来自移动膨胀的源的光子有一个初始的多普勒红移,然后在途中两个光子通量都获得了一个拉伸红移。因此,移动膨胀源的红移应至少增加一倍。但观测显示,在线性部分已经出现了一次红移,因此,在只有红移的宇宙学模型中(弗里德曼和其他人的模型),存在理论和观测之间100%不一致的双红移问题。单次红移的观测事实意味着光子应该有一个初始的紫移,这被两种红移中的一种补偿。在2020年提出的慢时间宇宙学(STC)模型中,固有时的速率在早期的时代更高,这导致了紫移,并在此过程中被拉伸的红移补偿。因此,在STC中,观测到的位移被减少到初始多普勒红移,其中添加了遥远天体的引力红移。相对性像差导致视光度变暗。提出了STC的基本关系,包括“距离模量-红移”,这与在新的宇宙学参数值下的观测结果一致。讨论了早期演化及其对CMB性质的影响。在STC中,过去的光速更高,因此它没有先前已知的宇宙学问题。
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Slowing time cosmology with initial violetshift and three types of redshift
In general relativity, the stretching of the wavelengths of photons in the expanding universe occurs along the path and does not depend on the velocity of the source. Therefore, the photons from the sources at rest relative to us did not have, and from the sources comoving the expansion there was an initial Doppler redshift, and then on the way both photon fluxes acquired a stretching redshift. As the result, the redshift of the comoving the expansion sources should be at least doubled. But observations show a single redshift already in the linear part, and therefore in cosmological models only with redshifts (Friedmann's and others) there was the double redshift problem with one hundred percent discrepancy between theory and observations. The observational fact of single redshifts means that the photons should have an initial violetshift, which was compensated for along the way by one of two types of redshift. In the model of slowing time cosmology (STC) proposed in 2020, the rate of proper times was higher in earlier epochs, which led to the violetshift, compensated along the way by the stretching redshift. As a result, in STC the observed shift is reduced to the initial Doppler redshift, to which the gravitational redshift is added for distant objects. The relativistic aberration then leads to dimming of the apparent luminosities. The basic relations of STC are presented, including the “distance modulus – redshift”, which are consistent with observations at new values of cosmological parameters. Evolution in early epochs and its influence on the properties of CMB are also discussed. In STC the light velocity was higher in the past and for this reason it has no previously known cosmological problems.
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