Salute to service or salute to skepticism? An empirical analysis of military members’ perceptions of the NFL’s military campaign

PurposeSport organizations’ use of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become commonplace. Similarly, academic inquiry into the CSR phenomenon has become almost as ubiquitous. However, this paper argues that a group has been forgotten about in the literature surrounding sport and CSR: the campaign beneficiary, especially in sport-based CSR research. After all, CSR campaigns are intended to support a certain group.Design/methodology/approachUsing a social identity theory and social identity complexity qualitative framework, this paper analyzes the perceptions of the National Football League's (NFL) Salute to Service military campaign among service members, veterans and families.FindingsAfter collecting data via a series of 16 interviews, while service members stated that the service members appreciated the campaign and appreciated what the NFL seeks to do through the campaign, this specific Salute to Service did not have a significant cognitive and behavioral impact for these military consumers.Originality/valueThis work builds on prior CSR beneficiary literature, providing an opportunity to further expand ways in which sport organizations can make sports organizations' CSR campaigns more impactful.