Self-discharge in supercapacitors: Causes, effects and therapies: An overview

Abstract Self-discharge as an omnipresent and unwelcome feature of electrochemical storage devices driven by fundamental forces is briefly introduced and put into perspective. Causes and observed effects as well as possible consequences and modifications in support of a therapy of these effects are described. Care is taken to consider observed phenomena with respect to different types of supercapacitors and different classes of electrode materials and additives inside a cell. Modeling and further theoretical approaches are presented. Recommendations for reporting and data presentation are provided.