苜蓿发育初始材料的亲本选择

E. Rekashus, A. Makaeva
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摘要

本文介绍了在2021年对挪威、德国、瑞典、丹麦、加拿大、拉脱维亚、白俄罗斯和俄罗斯的13个四倍体苜蓿(Trifolium hybridum L.)选育品种的常熟作物风干物质生产力和种子产量进行研究的结果。这些观察是在联邦威廉姆斯饲料生产与农业生态学研究中心的大棚内进行的。本研究的目的是选择不同地理区域的四倍体三叶草基因型在立种产量和种子产量方面最高产的四倍体三叶草进行杂交和进一步育种工作。选择有希望的杂交选育数的标准是,立木产量和(或)种子产量与实验中相应的算术平均值的偏差(σ)大于3个标准差(σ)。直立作物风干物质产量的实验数据具有正态分布特征,种子产量的实验数据具有指数分布特征。这使得在育种决策中使用3σ的临界值成为可能。直立作物的平均风干物质产量为47 g/容器,σ=16 g/容器。平均种子产量为1.1 g/容器,σ=0.9 g/容器。根据直立作物风干物质102 g/容器的值,选择数56 (cv)。鉴定了来自白俄罗斯共和国的四倍体,根据种子产量4.2 g/容器,选择数42 (cv)。来自挪威的Alpo)。分别为Novator品种的213%和233%。选择数56和42在杂交和研究后代高饲料和种子产量方面有很大的前景。
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Choosing parental pairs for development initial material of alsike clover
The article presents the results of a study in 2021 of 13 tetraploid selective varieties of alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) from Norway, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Canada, Latvia, Belarus and Russia in terms of the productivity of air-dry matter of the standing crop and seed yield. The observations were carried out in a greenhouse experiment set up in the greenhouse complex of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology. The purpose of the research is to choose for crossing and further breeding work the most productive tetraploid clover genotypes from different geographical regions in terms of standing crop and seed yield. The criterion for selecting promising selective numbers for crossing was the deviation of the standing crop yield and (or) seed yield by more than 3 standard deviations (σ) from the corresponding arithmetic mean in the experiment. For experimental data on the yield of air-dry matter of the standing crop, a normal distribution was characteristic, and for seed yield, an exponential distribution. This made it possible to use the critical value of 3σ in making breeding decisions. The average productivity of air-dry matter of the standing crop is 47 g/vessel, σ=16 g/vessel. The average seed productivity is 1.1 g/vessel, and σ=0.9 g/vessel. According to the value of air-dry matter of the standing crop of 102 g/vessel, selective number 56 (cv. Tetraploid from the Republic of Belarus) was identified, and according to seed yield of 4.2 g/vessel, selective number 42 (cv. Alpo from Norway). They belonged to the productivity of Novator variety 213% and 233%, respectively. Selective numbers 56 and 42 are promising for crossing and studying the ability of offspring to combine high fodder and seed productivity.
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