Universal Motor with On-Off Controller for Washing Machine Application

This paper presents an on-off controller for a simple motor (UM) with a PWM chopper. Standard pace operation is required during various programs of universal motors, regardless of the ton variants. The controller is designed to run in a washing machine program that uses the spin method and needs a continuous velocity of 12000rpm. A two-pole, 230V, 450W Universal engine with a minimum velocity of 400 rpm is used in this effort. To obtain the reference speed, the motor terminal voltage is controlled. The input AC source voltage is rectified in the proposed management process, and the resulting DC voltage is chopped using an IGBT to control the voltage across the engine. For frequency calculation, a sixteen-pole tacho generator is connected to the engine shaft. A PIC 16F877A microcontroller is used to implement closed-loop regulation, which provides the switch gate heartbeat by comparing the real speed to the reference velocity. The MCT2EM optocoupler is used to achieve isolation. As compared to other management circuits, the PWM-based management circuit produces fewer harmonics, present ripple, and torque ripple. The advanced system is a simple speed controller with improved system output at a low cost. By adding a current control loop, the overall software output can be improved.